Global AI Index

AI & innovation metrics — R&D spending, patents, high-tech exports, and education

World Innovation Overview

R&D Expenditure (% GDP)
2.67
% · 2022
Patent Applications
2,385,200
patents · 2021
High-Tech Exports (% Mfg)
24.76
% · 2024
Tertiary Enrollment (%)
43.62
% · 2024

R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) — Top Countries

1
Canada 1.79%
2
Canada 1.70%
3
Hong Kong SAR, China 1.13%
4
Hong Kong SAR, China 1.10%
5
Egypt, Arab Rep. 1.03%
6
Egypt, Arab Rep. 1.02%
7
Russian Federation 0.94%
8
Saudi Arabia 0.64%
9
Saudi Arabia 0.56%
10
Mexico 0.27%
11
Mexico 0.25%

Patent Applications — Top Countries

# Country Patent Applications Year
1 China 1,426,644 2021
2 China 1,426,644 2021
3 China 1,344,817 2020
4 United States 269,586 2020
5 United States 262,244 2021
6 United States 262,244 2021
7 Japan 227,348 2020
8 Japan 222,452 2021
9 Japan 222,452 2021
10 South Korea 186,245 2021
11 Korea, Rep. 186,245 2021
12 Korea, Rep. 180,477 2020
13 Germany 42,260 2020
14 Germany 39,822 2021
15 Germany 39,822 2021
16 India 26,267 2021
17 India 26,267 2021
18 India 23,141 2020
19 Russia 19,569 2021
20 Russian Federation 19,569 2021

AI Milestones

AlphaGo Defeats Lee Sedol (2016)

Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeats world Go champion Lee Sedol, demonstrating breakthrough AI capabilities in the most complex board game.

ChatGPT Released (2022)

OpenAI releases ChatGPT, a conversational AI that reaches 100 million users in two months, the fastest-growing consumer application in history.

Deep Blue Defeats Kasparov (1997)

IBM's Deep Blue becomes the first computer to defeat a reigning world chess champion under tournament conditions.

GPT-4 Released (2023)

OpenAI releases GPT-4, a multimodal model capable of processing both text and images with significantly improved reasoning.

Turing Test Proposed (1950)

Alan Turing proposes a test for machine intelligence in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence."

Data from World Bank, Stanford HAI, WIPO · Updated periodically

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