1985 Edition

Airfields

28 total, 25 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,4403,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force

executive — President empowered to call new elections, promulgate laws (elected for a seven-year term); unicameral legislature (400-member Grand National Assembly); independent judiciary

Capital

Ankara

Civil air

16 major transport aircraft

Coastline

7,200 km People

Elections

according to the 1982 Constitution, elections to the Grand National Assembly to be held every five years; most recent election 6 November 1983 Political parties and leaders: military leaders banned all traditional parties from taking part in the parliamentary election of November 1983 and banned many prominent party leaders from taking part in politics for 10 years; three new parties allowed to take part in the election — Motherland Party (MP), Turgut Ozal; Populist Party (PP), Necdet Calp; Nationalist Democracy Party (NDP), Turgut Sunalp; additional parties permitted to take part in local elections in March 1984— Social Democratic Party (SODEP), Erdal Inonii; Correct Way Party (CWP), Yildirim Avci

Ethnic divisions

85% Turkish, 12% Kurd, 3% other

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Government leaders

Gen. Kenan EVREN, President (since 1982); Turgut OZAL, Prime Minister (since 1983)

Highways

17,762 km total; 9,970 km bituminous; 1,421 km improved earth; 6,371 km unimproved earth

Labor force

18. 1 million (1983); 61% agriculture, 27% service, 12% industry and commerce; surplus of unskilled labor (1982)

Land boundaries

2,574 km Water

Language

Turkish (official), Kurdish Arabic

Legal system

derived from various continental legal systems; constitution adopted in November 1982; legal education at Universities of Ankara and Istanbul; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

6 nm, except in Black Sea, where it is 12 nm (fishing 12 nm)

Literacy

70%

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,777,000; 992,000 fit for military service; about 83,000 reach military age (20) annually Mediterranean Sea Land 780,576 km2; twice the size of California; 35% crop, 25% meadow and pasture, 23% forest, 17% other

National holiday

Republic Day, 29 October

Nationality

noun — Turk(s); adjective — Turkish

Official name

Republic of Turkey

Organized labor

10-15% of labor force Government

Pipelines

797 km crude oil; 86 km refined products; 742 km natural gas

Political subdivisions

67 provinces

Population

51,259,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1%

Ports

5 major, 14 minor; 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants terminal

Railroads

2,089 km total; 503 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 1,586km 1.000-meter gauge

Religion

98% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 2% other (mostly Christian and Jewish)

Suffrage

universal over age 21

Telecommunications

the system is above the African average; facilities consist of openwire lines, multiconductor cable, and radio relay; key centers are Safaqis, Susah, Bizerte, and Tunis; 188,500 telephones (3.0 per 100 popl.); 1 8 AM, 4 FM, 1 4 TV stations; 3 submarine cables; ARABSAT satellite back-up control station under construction; coaxial cable to Algeria; radio-relay to Algeria, Libya, and Italy Defense Forces

Type

republican parliamentary democracy

Voting strength

(1983 election) Grand National Assembly — Motherland Party, 211 seats; Populist Party, 117 seats; Nationalist Democracy Party, 71 seats