2017 Edition

Background

Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839 but gained a larger measure of autonomy. In 1867, Luxembourg attained full independence under the condition that it promise perpetual neutrality. Overrun by Germany in both world wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the EEC (later the EU), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency zone.

Area

2,586 sq km 2,586 sq km 0 sq km

land

2,586 sq km

total

2,586 sq km

water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Rhode Island; about half the size of Delaware

Climate

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

325 m lowest point: Moselle River 133 m highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Moselle River 133 m

highest point

Buurgplaatz 559 m

mean elevation

325 m

Environment - current issues

air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands Environmental Modification

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

Environmental Modification

Geographic coordinates

49 45 N, 6 10 E

Geography - note

landlocked; the only grand duchy in the world

Irrigated land

0 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

327 km Belgium 130 km, France 69 km, Germany 128 km

border countries (3)

Belgium 130 km, France 69 km, Germany 128 km

total

327 km

Land use

50.7% arable land 24%; permanent crops 0.6%; permanent pasture 26.1% 33.5% 15.8% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

50.7%

forest

33.5%

other

15.8% (2011 est.)

Location

Western Europe, between France and Germany

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

occasional flooding

Natural resources

iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land

Population - distribution

most people live in the south, on or near the border with France

Terrain

mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast

Age structure

16.77% (male 51,333/female 48,296) 12.18% (male 37,047/female 35,310) 44.27% (male 134,986/female 128,028) 11.77% (male 35,450/female 34,457) 15.02% (male 39,786/female 49,437) (2017 est.)

0-14 years

16.77% (male 51,333/female 48,296)

15-24 years

12.18% (male 37,047/female 35,310)

25-54 years

44.27% (male 134,986/female 128,028)

55-64 years

11.77% (male 35,450/female 34,457)

65 years and over

15.02% (male 39,786/female 49,437) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

11.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Dependency ratios

43.6 23.5 20.1 5 (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

20.1

potential support ratio

5 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

43.6

youth dependency ratio

23.5

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2015 est.)

urban

0% of population

Education expenditures

4.1% of GDP (2012)

Ethnic groups

Luxembourger 53.3%, Portuguese 16.2%, French 7.2%, Italian 3.5%, Belgian 3.4%, German 2.2%, British 1.1%, other 13.2% data represent population by nationality (2016 est.)

note

data represent population by nationality (2016 est.)

Health expenditures

6.6% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Hospital bed density

5.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

3.4 deaths/1,000 live births 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

female

3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

male

3.8 deaths/1,000 live births

total

3.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language and national language (spoken vernacular)) 88.8%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 4.2%, Portuguese 2.3%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 1.1%, other 3.5% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

82.3 years 79.9 years 84.9 years (2017 est.)

female

84.9 years (2017 est.)

male

79.9 years

total population

82.3 years

Major urban areas - population

LUXEMBOURG (capital) 107,000 (2014)

Maternal mortality rate

10 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

39.3 years 38.7 years 39.9 years (2017 est.)

female

39.9 years (2017 est.)

male

38.7 years

total

39.3 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

30.1 years (2015 est.)

Nationality

Luxembourger(s) Luxembourg

adjective

Luxembourg

noun

Luxembourger(s)

Net migration rate

15.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.6% (2016)

Physicians density

2.92 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Population

594,130 (July 2017 est.)

Population distribution

most people live in the south, on or near the border with France

Population growth rate

1.98% (2017 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 97.5% of population rural: 98.5% of population total: 97.6% of population urban: 2.5% of population rural: 1.5% of population total: 2.4% of population (2015 est.)

rural

1.5% of population

total

2.4% of population (2015 est.)

urban

2.5% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

14 years 14 years 14 years (2012)

female

14 years (2012)

male

14 years

total

14 years

Sex ratio

1.06 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 0.79 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.05 male(s)/female

55-64 years

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.79 male(s)/female

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

1.01 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.62 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

17.4% 18.9% 15.7% (2015 est.)

female

15.7% (2015 est.)

male

18.9%

total

17.4%

Urbanization

90.7% of total population (2017) 1.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

rate of urbanization

1.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

90.7% of total population (2017)

Administrative divisions

12 cantons (cantons, singular - canton); Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz

Capital

Luxembourg 49 36 N, 6 07 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

49 36 N, 6 07 E

name

Luxembourg

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

limited to situations where the parents are either unknown, stateless, or when the nationality law of the parents' state of origin does not permit acquisition of citizenship by descent when the birth occurs outside of national territory at least one parent must be a citizen of Luxembourg yes 7 years

citizenship by birth

limited to situations where the parents are either unknown, stateless, or when the nationality law of the parents' state of origin does not permit acquisition of citizenship by descent when the birth occurs outside of national territory

citizenship by descent

at least one parent must be a citizen of Luxembourg

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

7 years

Constitution

previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868 proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than one-quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters; amended many times, last in 2009 (2016)

amendments

proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than one-quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters; amended many times, last in 2009 (2016)

history

previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868

Country name

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Luxembourg Grand Duchee de Luxembourg Luxembourg from the Celtic "lucilem" (little) and the German "burg" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the "little castle"

conventional long form

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

conventional short form

Luxembourg

etymology

from the Celtic "lucilem" (little) and the German "burg" (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the "little castle"

local long form

Grand Duchee de Luxembourg

local short form

Luxembourg

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Alison SHORTER-LAWRENCE (since 20 January 2017) 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City Unit 3560, APO-AE 09126-3560 (official mail) [352] 46-01-23 00 [352] 46-14-01

embassy

22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City

FAX

[352] 46-14-01

mailing address

Unit 3560, APO-AE 09126-3560 (official mail)

telephone

[352] 46-01-23 00

US chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Alison SHORTER-LAWRENCE (since 20 January 2017)

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Sylvie LUCAS (since 16 September 2016) 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 265-4171 [1] (202) 328-8270 New York, San Francisco

chancery

2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Sylvie LUCAS (since 16 September 2016)

consulate(s) general

New York, San Francisco

FAX

[1] (202) 328-8270

telephone

[1] (202) 265-4171

Executive branch

Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME, son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981 Prime Minister Xavier BETTEL (since 4 December 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Etienne SCHNEIDER (since 4 December 2013) Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies

cabinet

Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch

chief of state

Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME, son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981

elections/appointments

the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies

head of government

Prime Minister Xavier BETTEL (since 4 December 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Etienne SCHNEIDER (since 4 December 2013)

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; the coloring is derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms (a red lion on a white and blue striped field)

Government type

constitutional monarchy

Independence

1839 (from the Netherlands)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Superior Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life Court of Accounts; district and local tribunals and courts

highest court(s)

Superior Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)

judge selection and term of office

judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life

subordinate courts

Court of Accounts; district and local tribunals and courts

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies last held on 20 October 2013 (next to be held by October 2018) percent of vote by party - CSV 33.7%, LSAP 20.3%, DP 18.3%, Green Party 10.1%, ADR 6.6%, The Left 4.9%, other 6.1%; seats by party - CSV 23, LSAP 13, DP 13, Green Party 6, ADR 3, The Left 2

description

unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies

election results

percent of vote by party - CSV 33.7%, LSAP 20.3%, DP 18.3%, Green Party 10.1%, ADR 6.6%, The Left 4.9%, other 6.1%; seats by party - CSV 23, LSAP 13, DP 13, Green Party 6, ADR 3, The Left 2

elections

last held on 20 October 2013 (next to be held by October 2018)

National anthem

"Ons Heemecht" (Our Motherland); "De Wilhelmus" (The William) Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN; Nikolaus WELTER/unknown "Ons Heemecht," adopted 1864, is the national anthem, while "De Wilhelmus," adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg

lyrics/music

Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN; Nikolaus WELTER/unknown

name

"Ons Heemecht" (Our Motherland); "De Wilhelmus" (The William)

note

"Ons Heemecht," adopted 1864, is the national anthem, while "De Wilhelmus," adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg

National holiday

National Day (Birthday of Grand Duke HENRI), 23 June; note - this date of birth is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the national festivities were shifted in 1962 to allow observance during a more favorable time of year

National symbol(s)

red, rampant lion; national colors: red, white, light blue

red, rampant lion; national colors

red, white, light blue

Political parties and leaders

Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS] Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ] Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN] Green Party [Francoise FOLMER and Christian KMIOTEK] Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN] The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [collective leadership, Central Committee] other minor parties

Political pressure groups and leaders

Business Federation Luxembourg or FEDIL [Nicolas BUCK] Centrale Paysanne [Marc FISCH] (federation of agricultural producers) Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers) [Tom OBERWEIS] Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce) [Carlo THELEN] Chambre des Salaries or CSL [Jean-Claude REDING] General Association of Officials (Confederation Generale de la Fonction Publique or CGFP) [Romain WOLFF] (trade union representing civil service) Greenpeace [Raymond AENDEKERK] Luxembourg Confederation of Christian Trade Unions or LCGB [Patrick DURY] (center-right trade union) Luxembourg Association of Bankers and Insurance Employees or ALEBA [Roberto SCOLATI] Luxembourg Bankers Association or ABBL [Yves MAAS] Mouvement Ecologique [Blanche WEBER] (environmental protection) Confederation of Independent Trade Unions or OGB-L [Andre ROELTGEN] (center-left trade union)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Agriculture - products

grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy and livestock products

Budget

$25.61 billion $24.68 billion (2016 est.)

expenditures

$24.68 billion (2016 est.)

revenues

$25.61 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

1.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Central bank discount rate

0.25% (31 December 2016) 0.3% (31 December 2010) this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

note

this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Current account balance

$2.823 billion (2016 est.) $2.962 billion (2015 est.)

Debt - external

$3.781 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) $3.806 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

30.4 (2013 est.) 26 (2005 est.)

Economy - overview

This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. Luxembourg, the only Grand Duchy in the world, is a landlocked country in northwestern Europe surrounded by Belgium, France, and Germany. Despite its small landmass and small population, Luxembourg is the second-wealthiest country in the world when measured on a gross domestic product (PPP) per capita basis. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position and the lowest public debt level in the region. Since 2002, the Luxembourg Government has proactively implemented policies and programs to support economic diversification and to attract foreign direct investment. The government focused on key innovative industries that showed promise for supporting economic growth: logistics, information and communications technology (ICT); health technologies, including biotechnology and biomedical research; clean energy technologies;, and most recently, space technology and financial services technologies. The economy has evolved and flourished, posting a strong GDP growth rate – projected at 4.5% in 2017-2018, far outpacing the European average of 1.8%. Luxembourg remains a financial powerhouse – the financial sector accounts for more than 35% of GDP - due to the exponential growth of the investment fund sector through the launch and development of cross-border funds (UCITS) in the 1990s. Luxembourg is the world’s second-largest investment fund asset domicile, after the US, with $4 trillion of assets in custody in financial institutions. Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure, as well as the “LuxLeaks” scandal, which revealed advantageous tax treatments offered to foreign corporations. In 2015, the government’s compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has constricted banking activity. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-commerce has cut Luxembourg’s sales tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits as part of the tax reform package of 2017.

Since 2002, the Luxembourg Government has proactively implemented policies and programs to support economic diversification and to attract foreign direct investment. The government focused on key innovative industries that showed promise for supporting ec

logistics, information and communications technology (ICT); health technologies, including biotechnology and biomedical research; clean energy technologies;, and most recently, space technology and financial services technologies. The economy has evolved and flourished, posting a strong GDP growth rate – projected at 4.5% in 2017-2018, far outpacing the European average of 1.8%.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.9214 (2016 est.) 0.885 (2015 est.) 0.885 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.)

Exports

$16.37 billion (2016 est.) $17.6 billion (2015 est.)

Exports - commodities

machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass

Exports - partners

Germany 23.1%, Belgium 16.6%, France 15.4%, Netherlands 5.1% (2016)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

29.2% 16.3% 17.6% 0.5% 227.9% -191.5% (2016 est.)

exports of goods and services

227.9%

government consumption

16.3%

household consumption

29.2%

imports of goods and services

-191.5% (2016 est.)

investment in fixed capital

17.6%

investment in inventories

0.5%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

0.2% 12.3% 87.4% (2016 est.)

agriculture

0.2%

industry

12.3%

services

87.4% (2016 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$105,800 (2016 est.) $103,900 (2015 est.) $102,200 (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4.2% (2016 est.) 4% (2015 est.) 5.6% (2014 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$59.98 billion (2016 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$60.93 billion (2016 est.) $57.75 billion (2015 est.) $54.93 billion (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

Gross national saving

22.8% of GDP (2016 est.) 24% of GDP (2015 est.) 23.8% of GDP (2014 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

3.5% 23.8% (2000)

highest 10%

23.8% (2000)

lowest 10%

3.5%

Imports

$19.97 billion (2016 est.) $20.49 billion (2015 est.)

Imports - commodities

commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, luxury consumer goods

Imports - partners

Belgium 29.4%, Germany 24.3%, France 10.3%, US 7%, China 5.8%, Netherlands 4.3%, Mexico 4.3% (2016)

Industrial production growth rate

0.3% (2016 est.)

Industries

banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0% (2016 est.) 0.1% (2015 est.)

Labor force

266,900 data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2016 est.)

note

data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2016 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

1.1% 20% 78.9% (2013 est.)

agriculture

1.1%

industry

20%

services

78.9% (2013 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$47.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $63.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $78.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

20% of GDP (2016 est.) 21.6% of GDP (2015 est.) data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

note

data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$974 million (31 December 2016 est.) $771 million (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of broad money

$271.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $271 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$109.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $108.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$229.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $218.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

note

see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

43.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

6.4% (2016 est.) 6.8% (2015 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

11 million Mt (2013 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2017 es)

Electricity - consumption

6.178 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - exports

1.42 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

23.7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

1.7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

12.7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - imports

7.718 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

2.023 million kW (2015 est.)

Electricity - production

735 million kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity access

100% (2016)

electrification - total population

100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

1.108 billion cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - imports

875 million cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - production

6 million cu m (2015 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

56,120 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

55,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Broadcast media

Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL Group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available (2016)

Internet country code

.lu

Internet users

567,698 97.5% (July 2016 est.)

percent of population

97.5% (July 2016 est.)

total

567,698

Telephone system

highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables fixed-line teledensity about 50 per 100 persons; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system with market for mobile-cellular phones virtually saturated country code - 352 (2016)

domestic

fixed-line teledensity about 50 per 100 persons; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system with market for mobile-cellular phones virtually saturated

general assessment

highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables

international

country code - 352 (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

280,000 48 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

48 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

280,000

Telephones - mobile cellular

813,000 140 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

140 (July 2016 est.)

total

813,000

Airports

2 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2017)

over 3,047 m

1 (2017)

total

1

Airports - with unpaved runways

1 (2013)

total

1

under 914 m

1 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

LX (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 2, cargo 3, chemical tanker 20, container 10, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 12 48 (Belgium 11, Denmark 1, France 15, Germany 9, Japan 3, Netherlands 3, Switzerland 1, UK 5) 18 (Italy 14, Malta 3, Panama 1) (2010)

by type

bulk carrier 2, cargo 3, chemical tanker 20, container 10, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 12

foreign-owned

48 (Belgium 11, Denmark 1, France 15, Germany 9, Japan 3, Netherlands 3, Switzerland 1, UK 5)

registered in other countries

18 (Italy 14, Malta 3, Panama 1) (2010)

total

49

National air transport system

1,830,972 6,309,473,324 mt-km (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

6,309,473,324 mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

1,830,972

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

119

number of registered air carriers

3

Pipelines

gas 142 km; refined products 27 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Mertert (Moselle)

river port(s)

Mertert (Moselle)

Railways

275 km 275 km 1.435-m gauge (275 km electrified) (2014)

standard gauge

275 km 1.435-m gauge (275 km electrified) (2014)

total

275 km

Roadways

2,899 km 2,899 km (includes 152 km of expressways) (2011)

paved

2,899 km (includes 152 km of expressways) (2011)

total

2,899 km

Waterways

37 km (on Moselle River) (2010)

Military branches

Luxembourg Army (Armee Luxembourgeoise) (2015)

Military expenditures

0.49% of GDP (2016) 0.48% of GDP (2015) 0.42% of GDP (2014) 0.42% of GDP (2013) 0.42% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

18-24 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2012)

Disputes - international

none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

83 (2016)

stateless persons

83 (2016)