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Jordan

2025 Edition · 430 data fields

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Introduction

Background

After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. In 1921, Britain demarcated from Palestine a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan and recognized ABDALLAH I from the Hashemite family as the country's first leader. The Hashemites also controlled the Hijaz, or the western coastal area of modern-day Saudi Arabia, until 1925, when IBN SAUD and Wahhabi tribes pushed them out. The country gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The country has had four kings. Long-time ruler King HUSSEIN (r. 1953-99) successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, UK, and Soviet Union), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, the latter of which led to a brief civil war in 1970 that is known as "Black September" and ended in King HUSSEIN ousting the militants. Jordan's borders have changed since it gained independence. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the first Arab-Israeli War, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims to the West Bank until 1988, when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993. Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's "special role" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem. Jordanian kings claim custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem on the basis of the 7th-century Pact of Omar, when the Muslim leader, after conquering Jerusalem, agreed to permit Christian worship. King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son and current King ABDALLAH II. In 2009, ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states, the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the war in Ukraine, a perennially weak economy, and the Israel-HAMAS conflict that began in October 2023.

Geography

Area

Land: 88,802 sq km
Total: 89,342 sq km
Water: 540 sq km

Area - comparative

about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana

Climate

mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

Coastline

26 km

Continent

Asia

Elevation

Highest point: Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m
Lowest point: Dead Sea -431 m
Mean elevation: 812 m

Geographic coordinates

31 00 N, 36 00 E

Geography - note

strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba; the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the West Bank; the Dead Sea, the lowest point in Asia and the second saltiest body of water in the world (after Lac Assal in Djibouti), lies on Jordan's western border with Israel and the West Bank; Jordan is almost landlocked but does have a 26 km southwestern coastline with a single port, Al 'Aqabah (Aqaba)

Irrigated land

875 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries

Border countries: Iraq 179 km; Israel 307 km; Saudi Arabia 731 km; Syria 379 km; West Bank 148 km
number of neighbors: 5
Total: 1,744 km

Land use

Agricultural land: 11.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)
arable land: 2.3%
Forest: 0.8% (2023 est.)
Other: 87.7% (2023 est.)
permanent crops: 0.94%

Landlocked

Location

Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq

Major aquifers

Arabian Aquifer System

Major lakes (area sq km)

Salt water lake(s): Dead Sea (shared with Israel and West Bank) - 1,020 sq km note - endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; lake shore is 431 meters below sea level

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)

Map links

Google Maps: https://goo.gl/maps/ko1dzSDKg8Gsi9A98
OpenStreetMap: https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/184818

Map references

Middle East

Maritime claims

Territorial sea: 3 nm

Natural hazards

droughts; periodic earthquakes; flash floods

Natural resources

phosphates, potash, shale oil

Population distribution

population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba

Subregion

Western Asia

Terrain

mostly arid desert plateau; a great north-south geological rift along the west of the country is the dominant topographical feature and includes the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and the Jordanian Highlands

Time zone

UTC+03:00
number of time zones: 1

People and Society

Age structure

0-14 years: 30.9% (male 1,771,840/female 1,678,178)
15-64 years: 64.9% (male 3,844,575/female 3,409,164)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 228,564/female 241,703)

Alcohol consumption per capita

Beer: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

21.9 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

Men married by age 18: 0.1% (2018)
Women married by age 15: 1.5% (2018)
Women married by age 18: 9.7% (2018)

Children under 5 years underweight

8.2%

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.5% (2023 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

56% (2018 est.)

Death rate

3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
adult female: 57 per 1,000
adult male: 87 per 1,000

Dependency ratios

Elderly dependency ratio: 6.7 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 14.9 (2025 est.)
Total dependency ratio: 53.3 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 46.6 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved total: 88.95%
Improved: rural: rural: 97% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 99% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 3% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 3.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.7% national budget (2024 est.)

Education expenditures

4 % of GDP

Ethnic groups

Jordanian 69.3%, Syrian 13.3%, Palestinian 6.7%, Egyptian 6.7%, Iraqi 1.4%, other 2.6% (2015 est.)
note: note: data represent population by self-identified nationality in national census

Gross reproduction rate

1.37 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

8 % of GDP
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.01%

Hospital bed density

1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Female: 12.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Male: 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births
neonatal: 8 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 12.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages: Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)
Major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
number of languages: 1

Life expectancy at birth

Female: 78.1 years
Male: 75 years
Total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.)

Literacy

Female: 92.3% (2023 est.)
Male: 97.5% (2023 est.)
Total population: 94.8% (2023 est.)

Major urban areas - population

2.232 million AMMAN (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

31 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

Female: 24.4 years
Male: 25.5 years
Total: 25.4 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

24.6 years (2017/18 est.)
note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Nationality

Adjective: Jordanian
Noun: Jordanian(s)

Net migration rate

-1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

35.5% (2016)

Physician density

2.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

Female: 5,403,654
Male: 5,908,853
Total: 11,312,507 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

1.68% (2025 est.)

Religions

Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish <0.1%, folk <0.1%, other <0.1%, unaffiliated <0.1% (2020 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved total: 80.08%
Improved: rural: rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Male: 13 years (2023 est.)
Total: 13 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

Female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
Male: 58.6% (2025 est.)
Total: 37.1% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.83 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 92% of total population (2023)

Vaccination rate

measles: 99%

Government

Administrative divisions

12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al ‘Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba

Capital

Etymology: in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their primary city Rabbath Ammon; rabbath meant "capital," so the name translated as "The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites];" over time, the name was shortened to Ammon, and then to Amman
Geographic coordinates: 31 57 N, 35 56 E
Name: Amman
Time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Jordan
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years

Coat of arms

svg: https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/jo.svg

Constitution

Amendment process: constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king
History: previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952

Country name

alternative spellings: JO, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, al-Mamlakah al-Urdunīyah al-Hāshimīyah
Conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Conventional short form: Jordan
Etymology: named for the Jordan River, which makes up part of Jordan's northwest border; the origin of the river's name is unclear, but it may come from a local word meaning "river"
FIFA code: JOR
Former: Transjordan
Local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local long form (ara): المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية
Local short form: Al Urdun

Diplomatic representation from the US

Chief of mission: Ambassador James HOLTSNIDER (since 7 December 2025)
Email address and website: Amman-ACS@state.gov https://jo.usembassy.gov/
Embassy: Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman
FAX: [962] (6) 592-0163
Mailing address: 6050 Amman Place, Washington DC  20521-6050
Telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
Chief of mission: Ambassador Dina Khalil Tawfiq KAWAR (since 27 June 2016)
Email address and website: hkjconsular@jordanembassyus.org http://www.jordanembassyus.org/
FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110
Telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664

Executive branch

Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister
Chief of state: King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999)
Election/appointment process: prime minister appointed by the monarch
Head of government: Prime Minister Jafar HASSAN (since 15 September 2024)

Flag

description: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green; a red isosceles triangle is on the left side, with a small white seven-pointed star in the center meaning: black stands for the Abbassid Caliphate, white for the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green for the Fatimid Caliphate; the triangle stands for the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and the star's points for the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Quran, as well as faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations history: the design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I

Flag description

The flag of Jordan is composed of three equal horizontal bands of black, white and green, with a red isosceles triangle superimposed on the hoist side of the field. This triangle has its base on the hoist end, spans about half the width of the field and bears a small seven-pointed white star at its center.

Flag image

svg: https://flagcdn.com/jo.svg

Government type

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Independence

25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court

Legal system

mixed system developed from Ottoman Empire codes (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law

Legislative branch

Legislative structure: bicameral
Legislature name: National Assembly (Majlis Al-Umma)

Legislative branch - lower chamber

Chamber name: House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwaab)
Electoral system: mixed system
Expected date of next election: September 2028
Most recent election date: 9/10/2024
Note: note: the total number of Chamber of Deputies' seats increased to 138 from 130 for the September 2024 election
Number of seats: 138 (all directly elected)
Percentage of women in chamber: 19.6%
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 4 years

Legislative branch - upper chamber

Chamber name: Senate (Majlis Al-Aayan)
Expected date of next election: October 2028
Most recent election date: 10/24/2024
Number of seats: 69 (all appointed)
Percentage of women in chamber: 14.5%
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 4 years

National color(s)

black, white, green, red

National heritage

Selected World Heritage Site locales: Petra (c); Quseir Amra (c); Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (c); Wadi Rum Protected Area (m); Baptism Site “Bethany Beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) (c); As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (c); Umm Al-Jimāl (c)
Total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 May (1946)

National symbol(s)

eagle

Political parties

'Azem Blessed Land Party Building and Labor Coalition Eradah Party Growth Party Islamic Action Front or IAF Jordanian al-Ansar Party Jordanian al-Ghad Party Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or JASBP Jordanian Civil Democratic Party Jordanian Communist Party or JCP Jordanian Equality Party Jordanian Democratic People's Party or HASD Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party or JDPUP/Wihda Jordanian Democratic Unionist Party Jordanian Flame Party Jordanian Future and Life Party Jordanian Model Party Jordanian National Integration Party Jordanian National Loyalty Party Jordanian Reform and Renewal Party or Hassad Jordanian Shura Party Jordanian Social Democratic Party or JSDP Justice and Reform Party or JRP Labor Party National Charter Party National Coalition Party National Constitutional Party National Current Party or NCP National Islamic Party National Union Nationalist Movement Party or Hsq New Path Party Progress Party

Start of week

Sunday

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

UN Member

Yes

Economy

Agricultural products

tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, onions, chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Average household expenditures

On alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food: 25% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

Expenditures: $17.159 billion (2023 est.)
Note: note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $13.779 billion (2023 est.)

Currency

code: JOD
name: Jordanian dinar (JOD) [د.ا]

Current account balance

$-3,126,507,042
Current account balance 2021: -$3.718 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$3.815 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$1.91 billion (2023 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$46.97 billion
Debt - external 2023: $21.058 billion (2023 est.)
Note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Economic overview

upper-middle-income Middle Eastern economy; high debt and unemployment, especially for youth and women; global events triggering trade slump and decreased revenue from tourism; growing manufacturing and agricultural sectors; key US foreign assistance recipient; natural-resource-poor and import-reliant

Exchange rates

Currency: Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 0.71 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.71 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.71 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.71 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 0.71 (2024 est.)

Exports

$22.73 billion
Exports 2021: $13.87 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022: $20.743 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $22.186 billion (2023 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

USA 21%, India 13%, Saudi Arabia 11%, China 7%, Iraq 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Foreign direct investment

net inflows: $1.63 billion

GDP - composition, by end use

Exports of goods and services: 30% (2021 est.)
Government consumption: 15.8% (2021 est.)
Household consumption: 78.9% (2021 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -50.4% (2021 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 22.2% (2021 est.)
Investment in inventories: 3% (2021 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture: 5.1% (2024 est.)
Industry: 25.1% (2024 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services: 60.4% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$53.352 billion (2024 est.)
note: note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP per capita (nominal)

$4,618

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

33.7 (2010)

GNI (gross national income)

$52.13 billion

GNI per capita

$4,430

Gross domestic investment

25 % of GDP

Imports

$30.45 billion
Imports 2021: $23.321 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022: $30.019 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $28.922 billion (2023 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

cars, refined petroleum, gold, crude petroleum, jewelry (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

China 17%, Saudi Arabia 14%, UAE 8%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

3.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.56%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 4.2% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 2.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 1.6% (2024 est.)
Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

3.08 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total: 3.22 million persons

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 3.12%
industry: 16.13%
services: 80.76%

Population below poverty line

15.7% (2018 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

103 % of GDP
Note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2023: 102.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$125.02 billion
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $104.307 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $107.315 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $109.986 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

2.49%
Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 2.5% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$10,821
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $9,300 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $9,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $9,500 (2024 est.)

Remittances

$4.43 billion
Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021: 11% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022: 10.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 8.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$21.94 billion
Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $18.198 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $19.069 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $21.939 billion (2024 est.)

Revenue (excl grants)

23 % of GDP

Tax revenue

17 % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues

17% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

16.54%
Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 18.2% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 18% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 18% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

Female: 49.2% (2024 est.)
Male: 39.8% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 41.7% (2024 est.)

Energy

Coal

Consumption: 269,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports: 110,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 20.31 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption per capita: 1,791 kWh
Exports: 162.93 million kWh (2023 est.)
Imports: 383.073 million kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 6.891 million kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 2.472 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

Electrification - rural areas: 98.9%
Electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Electrification - urban areas: 100%

Electricity generation sources

Fossil fuels: 76.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectric: 0.08%
Hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 0%
renewable: 24.92%
Solar: 15.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Wind: 7.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

754 kg of oil equivalent
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 32.909 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

Consumption: 5.441 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Exports: 375.998 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
Imports: 4.865 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Production: 200.004 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 6.031 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Petroleum

Crude oil estimated reserves: 1 million barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 97,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Total petroleum production: 20 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Renewable energy consumption

11.5%

Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

per 100 inhabitants: 7 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)
Total: 805,000 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available

Internet country code

.jo

Internet users

Percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)

Postal code format

#####

Telephone calling code

+962

Telephones - fixed lines

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)
Total subscriptions: 451,000 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100: 68 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 70 (2024 est.)
Total subscriptions: 8.05 million (2024 est.)

Transportation

Air transport

passengers carried: 3.73 million passengers
registered carrier departures: 34,667 departures

Airports

18 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Driving side

Right

Heliports

6 (2025)

Merchant marine

By type: general cargo 5, other 29
Total: 34 (2023)

Ports

Key ports: Al Aqabah
Large: 0
Medium: 0
Ports with oil terminals: 1
Small: 0
Total ports: 1 (2024)
Very small: 1

Railways

Narrow gauge: 509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge
Total: 509 km (2020)

Vehicle registration code

HKJ

Military and Security

Land forces

armored vehicles
tanks

Military - note

the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) are responsible for territorial defense and border security and have a supporting role for internal security; key areas of concern include regional conflict and instability and unconventional threats, such as terrorism and weapons smuggling; the JAF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises, UN peacekeeping missions, and have taken part in regional military operations alongside international forces in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2025)

Military and security forces

Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; aka Arab Army): Jordanian Army (Jordanian Ground Forces; includes Special Operations Forces, Border Guards, Royal Guard), Jordanian Air Force, Jordanian Navy) Ministry of Interior: Public Security Directorate (includes national police, the Gendarmerie, and the Civil Defense Directorate) (2025)
active duty personnel: 116,000
percent of total labor force: 3.98 %

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 100,000 active duty Armed Forces (2025)

Military deployments

140 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the JAF inventory is comprised of mostly older or secondhand equipment provided by China, some European countries, select Gulf States, Russia, and the US (2025)

Military expenditures

5 % of GDP
current USD: $2,560,281,690
Military Expenditures 2020: 5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 4.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
percent of central government expenditure: 14.35 %
percent of GDP: 4.80 % of GDP

Military service age and obligation

17 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; initial service term is 24 months; selective compulsory military service (3 months) for men turning 18 will be reinstated in 2026; compulsory military service for jobless men aged 25-29 was reinstated in 2020 (12 months; 3 months of military training and 9 months of professional and technical training) (2025)

Military strength ranking

PowerIndex score: 1.5581

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Refugees: 675,388 (2024 est.)
Stateless persons: 17 (2024 est.)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Environment

Carbon dioxide emissions

From coal and metallurgical coke: 627,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 8.544 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 13.264 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Total emissions: 22.434 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

limited natural freshwater resources; declining water table; salination; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; biodiversity and ecosystem damage/loss

International environmental agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Methane emissions

Agriculture: 25.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Energy: 12.2 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Other: 0.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste: 188.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Protected areas

5 % of total land area

Renewable electricity output

25 % of total

Total renewable water resources

937 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

139 % of internal resources
Agricultural: 570.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial: 36.88 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal: 497.37 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.53 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.6% (2022 est.)