2025 Edition Primary

Background

A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 after years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued and forced most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot administered area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), but it is recognized only by Turkey. A UN-mediated agreement to reunite Cyprus, the Annan Plan, failed to win approval from both communities in 2004. The most recent round of reunification negotiations was suspended in 2017 after failure to achieve a breakthrough. <br><br>The entire island joined the EU in 2004, although the EU acquis -- the body of common rights and obligations -- applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government and is suspended in the TRNC. However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship have the same legal rights accorded to citizens of other EU states.

Area

Land

9,241 sq km

Total

9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)

Water

10 sq km

Area - comparative

about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

Climate

temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Coastline

648 km

Continent

Europe

Elevation

Highest point

Mount Olympus 1,951 m

Lowest point

Mediterranean Sea 0 m

Mean elevation

91 m

Geographic coordinates

35 00 N, 33 00 E

Geography - note

the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)

Irrigated land

269 sq km (2020)

Land boundaries

Border sovereign base areas

Akrotiri 48 km; Dhekelia 108 km

Total

156 km

Land use

Agricultural land

14% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 10.6% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)

arable land

10.59%

Forest

18.6% (2023 est.)

Other

67.1% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

3.14%

Landlocked

No

Location

Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey; note - Cyprus views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

Map links

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/77hPBRdLid8yD5Bm7

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/307787

Map references

Middle East

Maritime claims

Contiguous zone

24 nm

Continental shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

moderate earthquake activity; droughts

Natural resources

copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

Population distribution

population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca

Subregion

Southern Europe

Terrain

central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast

Time zone

UTC+02:00

number of time zones

1

Age structure

0-14 years

15.6% (male 105,533/female 100,099)

15-64 years

70% (male 486,569/female 437,651)

65 years and over

14.4% (2024 est.) (male 83,094/female 107,579)

Alcohol consumption per capita

Beer

2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

4.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

9.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

2.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

9.95 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

30 per 1,000

adult male

57 per 1,000

Dependency ratios

Elderly dependency ratio

21.4 (2025 est.)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> data represent the whole country

Potential support ratio

4.7 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

43.6 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

22.3 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved total

99.72%

Improved: rural

rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

12.5% national budget (2022 est.)

Education expenditures

5 % of GDP

Ethnic groups

Greek 98.8%, other 1% (includes Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represent only the Greek-Cypriot citizens in the Republic of Cyprus

Gross reproduction rate

0.73 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

8 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

9.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

18.3% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

2.2 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Female

6.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

9.7 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

2 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages

Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6%&nbsp; (2011 est.)

Major-language sample(s)

<br>Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Note

<strong>note:</strong> data represent only the Republic of Cyprus

number of languages

2

Life expectancy at birth

Female

83.1 years

Male

77.4 years

Total population

80.2 years (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

269,000 NICOSIA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

14 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

Female

41 years

Male

38.2 years

Total

39.9 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

30 years (2020 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represents only government-controlled areas

Nationality

Adjective

Cypriot

Noun

Cypriot(s)

Net migration rate

6.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

21.8% (2016)

People - note

demographic data for Cyprus represent the population of the government-controlled area and the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, unless otherwise indicated

Physician density

3.56 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

Female

651,165

Male

681,128

Total

1,332,293 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

0.89% (2025 est.)

Religions

Eastern Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Hindu) 1.4%, unknown 1.1%, none/atheist 0.6% (2011 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represent only the government-controlled area of Cyprus

Sanitation facility access

improved total

76.97%

Improved: rural

rural: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Female

17 years (2022 est.)

Male

16 years (2022 est.)

Total

16 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.11 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.77 male(s)/female

At birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Total population

1.05 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

Female

22.2% (2025 est.)

Male

44.1% (2025 est.)

Total

33.1% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Rate of urbanization

0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

67% of total population (2023)

Vaccination rate

measles

99%

Administrative divisions

6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot community), Larnaka (Larnaca; with a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Pafos (Paphos)

note

<strong>note:</strong> the 5 "districts" of the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" are Gazimagusa (Famagusta), Girne (Kyrenia), Guzelyurt (Morphou), Iskele (Trikomo), Lefkosa (Nicosia)

Capital

Daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Etymology

may have been named after Nike, the Greek goddess of victory; the Greek name for the city, Lefkosia, and the Turkish name, Lefkosa, both mean "White City"

Geographic coordinates

35 10 N, 33 22 E

Name

Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)

Time difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Cyprus

Dual citizenship recognized

yes

Residency requirement for naturalization

7 years

Coat of arms

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/cy.svg

Constitution

Amendment process

constitution of the Republic of Cyprus -- proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the "Greek Community" and the "Turkish Community"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964<br><br>constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” -- proposed by at least 10 members of the "Assembly of the Republic"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum

History

ratified 16 August 1960

Note

<strong>note:</strong> in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"); in 1985, the "TRNC" approved its own constitution

Country name

alternative spellings

CY, Kýpros, Kıbrıs, Republic of Cyprus, Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti

Conventional long form

Republic of Cyprus

Conventional short form

Cyprus

Etymology

the Greek name for the island is Kupros, which is probably derived from the Sumerian <em>kabar</em>, meaning "copper" or "bronze;" copper mines were located on the island in antiquity

FIFA code

CYP

Local long form

Kypriaki Dimokratia (Greek)/ Kibris Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)

local long form (ell)

Δημοκρατία της Κύπρος

Local short form

Kypros (Greek)/ Kibris (Turkish)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" or "TRNC" ("Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti" or "KKTC")

Diplomatic representation from the US

Chief of mission

Ambassador Julie Davis FISHER (since 21 February 2023); note - Ambassador FISHER is temporarily assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine as Charg&eacute; d&rsquo; Affaires ad interim; she remains fully accredited in Cyprus

Email address and website

<br>ACSNicosia@state.gov<br><br>https://cy.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

Metochiou and Ploutarchou Street, 2407, Engomi, Nicosia

FAX

[357] (22) 780944

Mailing address

5450 Nicosia Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-5450

Telephone

[357] (22) 393939

Diplomatic representation in the US

Chancery

2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

Chief of mission

Ambassador Evangelos SAVVA (since 15 September 2023)

Consulate(s) general

New York

Email address and website

<br>info@cyprusembassy.net<br><br>https://www.cyprusembassy.net/

FAX

[1] (202) 483-6710

Honorary consulate(s)

Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Kirkland (WA), Los Angeles, New Orleans, San Francisco

Telephone

[1] (202) 462-5772

Executive branch

Cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

Chief of state

President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (since 28 February 2023)

Election results

<em><br>2023: </em>Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (independent) 32%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS (independent) 29.6%, Averof NEOFYTOU (DISY) 26.1%, Christos CHRISTOU (ELAM) 6%, other 6.3%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDS 52%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS 48%<em><br><br>2018: </em>Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Stavros MALAS 44%

Election/appointment process

president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms)

Expected date of next election

2028

Head of government

President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (since 28 February 2023)

Most recent election date

5 February 2023, with a runoff on 12 February 2023&nbsp;

Note

<strong>note 1:</strong> vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but the post has been vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>under the 1960 constitution, 3 ministerial posts are reserved for Turkish Cypriots, appointed by the vice president, but Greek Cypriots currently hold the positions

Flag

<strong>description:</strong> a copper-colored silhouette of the island is centered on a white field above two crossed green olive branches<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> the olive branches symbolize hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities

note

<strong>note 1:</strong> one of two national flags that uses a map as a design element; the flag of Kosovo is the other <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag retains the white field of the Cyprus national flag but has narrow horizontal red stripes near the top and bottom edges, with a red crescent and a five-pointed red star between them; the banner is modeled on the Turkish national flag, but with the colors reversed

Flag description

The flag of Cyprus has a white field, at the center of which is a copper-colored silhouette of the Island of Cyprus above two green olive branches crossed at the stem.

Flag image

svg

https://flagcdn.com/cy.svg

Government type

Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency

note

<strong>note:</strong> a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the "TRNC,” which is recognized only by Turkey

Independence

16 August 1960 (from the UK)

note

<strong>note:</strong> Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but only Turkey recognizes these proclamations

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president)

Judge selection and term of office

Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic on the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges can serve until age 68; "TRNC Supreme Court" judges appointed by the "Supreme Council of Judicature," a 12-member body of judges, the attorney general, appointees by the president of the "TRNC," and by the "Legislative Assembly," and members elected by the bar association; judge tenure NA

Note

<strong>note:</strong> the highest court in the TRNC is the Supreme Court (consists of 8 judges, including the court president)

Subordinate courts

Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; Administrative Court; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, the military, and rent control; "TRNC Assize Courts"; "TNRC district and family courts"

Legal system

mixed system of English common law and civil law, with European law supremacy

Legislative branch

Electoral system

proportional representation

Expected date of next election

May 2026

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon)

Most recent election date

5/30/2021

Note

<strong>note:</strong> the area of Cyprus that Turkish Cypriots administer has a separate unicameral Assembly of the Republic, or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats); members are directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote

Number of seats

80 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

Democratic Rally (DISY) (17); Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL) (15); Democratic Party (DIKO) (9); National Popular Front (ELAM) (4); Movement of Social Democrats (EDEK) (4); Democratic Alignment (DIPA) (4); Cyprus Green Party (KOP) (3)

Percentage of women in chamber

14.3%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

National coat of arms

<p>The coat of arms of Cyprus features a yellow shield representing the island’s copper deposits. A dove, one of the national symbols, holds an olive branch symbolizing peace, and olive branches encircle the shield.  The year 1960 on the shield is the date of Cyprus’s independence from the United Kingdom.</p> <p> </p>

National color(s)

blue, white

National heritage

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Paphos; Painted Churches in the Troodos Region; Choirokoitia

Total World Heritage Sites

3 (all cultural)

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 October (1960)

note

<strong>note:</strong> Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as "Republic Day"

National symbol(s)

Cypriot mouflon (wild sheep), white dove

Political parties

<strong>area under government control:</strong> <br>Democratic Front or DIPA <br>Democratic Party or DIKO<br>Democratic Rally or DISY <br>Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Alliance <br>Movement of Social Democrats EDEK<br>National Popular Front or ELAM <br>Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) <br>Solidarity Movement<br><br><strong>area administered by Turkish Cypriots:</strong> <br>Communal Democracy Party or TDP<br>Communal Liberation Party - New Forces or TKP-YG<br>Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP<br>Democratic Party or DP<br>National Democratic Party or NDP<br>National Unity Party or UBP <br>New Cyprus Party or YKP<br>People's Party or HP <br>Rebirth Party or YDP<br>Republican Turkish Party or CTP<br>United Cyprus Party or BKP

Start of week

Monday

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

UN Member

Yes

Agricultural products

milk, potatoes, sheep milk, pork, goat milk, wheat, chicken, olives, grapes, barley (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Budget

Expenditures

$13.733 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$14.39 billion (2023 est.)

Currency

code

EUR

name

euro (EUR) [€]

Current account balance

$-3,070,627,759

Current account balance 2022

-$2.178 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$3.831 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$3.05 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

services-based, high-income EU island economy; heavy tourism; sustained growth between recovery of national banking system and COVID-19 trade restrictions; high living standards; a known financial hub, its stock exchange functions as an investment bridge between EU-and EEU-member countries

note

<strong>note: </strong>Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU "acquis communautaire" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. Its market-based economy is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. Little trade exists with the Republic of Cyprus outside of construction, historically relying heavily upon Turkey for financial aid, defense, telecommunications, utilities, and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions.

Exchange rates

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

0.876 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

0.845 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

0.95 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

0.925 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

0.924 (2024 est.)

Exports

$36.51 billion

Exports 2022

$32.563 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$32.922 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$35.12 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

ships, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, cheese, scented mixtures (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

Libya 14%, Greece 11%, Lebanon 8%, Bermuda 7%, Marshall Islands 5% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Foreign direct investment

net inflows

$-50,364,142,878

GDP - composition, by end use

Exports of goods and services

96.7% (2024 est.)

Government consumption

18.6% (2024 est.)

Household consumption

58.9% (2024 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-93.1% (2024 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

20.5% (2024 est.)

Investment in inventories

-1.6% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture

1.2% (2024 est.)

Industry

10.3% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

76.9% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$36.333 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP per capita (nominal)

$38,674

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

32.7 (2018)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

31.5 (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

GNI (gross national income)

$33.57 billion

GNI per capita

$32,870

Gross domestic investment

21 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Highest 10%

26.2% (2022 est.)

Lowest 10%

3.6% (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$35.14 billion

Imports 2022

$31.486 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$32.556 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$33.802 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, ships, cars, packaged medicine, coal tar oil (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

Greece 20%, UK 10%, Italy 7%, Turkey 6%, Spain 6% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

4.6% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products

note

<strong>note:</strong> area administered by Turkish Cypriots - foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.8%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

8.4% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

3.5% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

1.8% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

772,300 (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

770,268 persons

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture

2.15%

industry

16.27%

services

81.58%

Population below poverty line

13.9% (2021 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

Note

<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Public debt 2017

97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$61.31 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$47.085 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$48.386 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$50.055 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

3.94%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

7.2% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

2.8% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

3.4% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$63,007

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$51,600 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$52,200 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$53,300 (2024 est.)

Remittances

$677.03 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

1.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.09 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$1.671 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$1.789 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$2.088 billion (2024 est.)

Revenue (excl grants)

40 % of GDP

Tax revenue

23 % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues

24.1% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

4.92%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

6.9% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

6.1% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

5.7% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

Female

13.7% (2024 est.)

Male

17.4% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

15.6% (2024 est.)

Coal

Consumption

46,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Exports

71.6 metric tons (2022 est.)

Imports

22,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption

5.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

3,842 kWh

Installed generating capacity

2.288 million kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

146.11 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

Electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

Biomass and waste

1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

79.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

0%

nuclear

0%

renewable

15.13%

Solar

16% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Wind

3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

1,673 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

107.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption

45,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Renewable energy consumption

15.6%

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

per 100 inhabitants

39 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

39 (2023 est.)

Total

357,000 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

mix of state and privately run TV and radio; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services (including from Greece and Turkey), and a number of private radio stations; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, 7 privately owned TV stations and 21 privately owned radio stations, 6 radio and 4 TV channels at local universities, 1 military radio station, and 1 radio station for civil defense cooperation, as well as relay stations from Turkey (2019)

Internet country code

.cy

Internet users

Percent of population

91% (2023 est.)

Postal code format

####

Telephone calling code

+357

Telephones - fixed lines

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

25 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

245,000 (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100

156 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

156 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

1.51 million (2024 est.)

Air transport

passengers carried

724,062 passengers

registered carrier departures

6,815 departures

Airports

14 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

5B

Driving side

Left

Heliports

68 (2025)

Merchant marine

By type

bulk carrier 243, container ship 154, general cargo 211, oil tanker 47, other 350

Total

1,005 (2023)

Ports

Key ports

Dhekelia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Xeros

Large

0

Medium

0

Ports with oil terminals

4

Small

3

Total ports

6 (2024)

Very small

3

Vehicle registration code

CY

Military - note

established in 1964, the National Guard (EF) is responsible for ensuring Cyprus’s territorial integrity and sovereignty; its primary focus is Turkey, which invaded Cyprus in 1974 and maintains a large military presence in the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus; the majority of the force is deployed along the “Green Line” that separates the Greek Cypriots from the Turkish Cypriots; the EF also participates in some internal missions, such as providing assistance during natural disasters; Greece is its primary security partner and maintains a military presence on Cyprus; the EF has conducted training exercises with other militaries including France, Israel, and the US; since Cyprus joined the EU in 2004, the EF has actively participated in the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has sent small numbers of personnel to some EU and missions; Cyprus is also part of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe<br><br>the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has been deployed in Cyprus since 1964; its mandate includes supervising the de facto ceasefire that came into effect in August 1974 and maintaining a buffer zone between the lines of the Cypriot National Guard and of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot forces; UNFICYP has about 1,100 personnel assigned (2025)

Military and security forces

Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2025)

active duty personnel

13,000

percent of total labor force

1.81 %

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 12-15,000 active Cypriot National Guard (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the National Guard's inventory includes a mix of armaments from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, Israel, Russia, several European countries, and the US (2025)

Military expenditures

2 % of GDP

current USD

$598,185,756

Military Expenditures 2020

1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

1.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

4.21 %

percent of GDP

1.65 % of GDP

Military service age and obligation

all Cypriot men must complete 14 months of compulsory service upon reaching the age of 18; women may volunteer for 6 months of service at age 18; men and women may also enlist as contract soldiers up to age 42 (2025)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs

244,944 (2024 est.)

Refugees

73,303 (2024 est.)

Stateless persons

130 (2024 est.)

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note

<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Carbon dioxide emissions

From coal and metallurgical coke

100,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

6.737 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

6.837 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

scarce water resources; salination; water pollution from sewage, industrial wastes, and pesticides; coastal degradation; erosion; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization

Geoparks

Global geoparks and regional networks

Troodos (2023)

Total global geoparks and regional networks

1

International environmental agreements

Party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

14.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Protected areas

11 % of total land area

Renewable electricity output

15 % of total

Total renewable water resources

780 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

29 % of internal resources

Agricultural

177 million cubic meters (2022)

Industrial

17 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

112 million cubic meters (2022)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually

769,500 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

17.6% (2022 est.)