1985 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — potatoes and other vegetables, grapes, citrus fruit, wheat, carob beans, olives

Airfields

204 total, 195 usable; 64 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces

14 total, 13 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,4403,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Revolutionary Armed Forces, Ground Forces, Revolutionary Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Ministry of Interior Special Troops, Border Guard Troops

currently the Government of Cyprus has effective authority over only the Greek Cypriot community; headed by President of the Republic and comprising Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots declared their own "constitution" and governing bodies within the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" in 1975; "state" renamed "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; the Turkish Cypriots are drafting a new constitution for the Turkish sector and preparing for elections for a new executive and legislature

Cyprus National Guard; Turkish sector — Turkish Cypriot Security Force

Budget

(1983) revenues, $491.3 million; expenditures, $645.4 million; deficit, $154.1 million

Capital

Nicosia

Civil air

47 major transport aircraft

8 major transport aircraft

Coastline

approximately 648 km People

Communists

about 12,000

Creek Sector labor force

240,900 ( 1 982); 42% services, 33% industry, 22% agriculture; 3. 1 % unemployed Government

Elections

officially every five years (last presidential election held in February 1983); parliamentary elections held in May 1981; Turkish sector "presidential" elections last held in June 1981; "Constituent Assembly" appointed in late 1983 Political parties and leaders: Greek Cypriot — Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DESY), Glaf kos Clerides; Democratic Party (DEKO), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; Turkish sector — National Unity Party (NUP), Dervis Eroglu; Communal Liberation Party (CLP), Ismail Bozkurt; Republican Turkish Party (RTP), Ozker Ozgur; other minor parties

Electric power

620,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.415 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,137 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% Armenian, Maronite, and other

Exports

$495.4 million (f.o.b., 1983); principal items — food and beverages, including citrus, raisins, potatoes, wine; also cement and clothing

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

GDP

$2.1 billion (1983), $3,213 per capita; 1983 est. real growth rate 2.6%

Government leaders

Spyros KYPRIANOU, President (since August 1977); Turkish Sector—Rauf DENKTASH, "President" (since February 1975)

Highways

approximately 21,000 km total; 9,000 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced

10,778 km total; 5, 169 km bituminous surface treated; 5,609 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

Imports

$1.221 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, food

Inland waterways

240 km

Language

Greek, Turkish, English

Legal system

based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

1 2 nm

Literacy

about 89%

Major industries

mining (iron pyrites, gypsum, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption — beverages, footwear, clothing, cement

Major trade partners

imports (1983) — 13.6% UK, 10.9% Japan, 9.7% Italy, 8.1% FRG, 6.5% Iraq; exports (1983)— 16.4% UK, 13.7% Saudi Arabia, 8.4% Syria, 5.3% Libya, 4.0% USSR

Member of

Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO; Turkish Federated State of Cyprus OIC (observer) Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $66 million; about 10.4% of central government budget

Military manpower

eligible 15-49, 5,517,000; of the 2,765,000 males 15-49, 1,737,000 are fit for military service; of the 2,752,000 females 15-49, 1 ,705,000 are fit for military service; 117,000 males and 114,000 females reach military age (17) annually 50km Mediterranean Sea United Nitionil Butf»rZon« ) Kyrsni (Limassol Mediterranean Sea Set rr|lim»l mip VI Land 9,251 km2; smaller than Connecticut; 60% arable (including permanent crop); 25% waste, urban areas, and other; 15% forest pasture Water

males 15-49, 181,000; 126,000 fit for military service; about 5,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

.63 Cyprus pound=US$l (October 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 October

Nationality

noun — Cypriot(s); adjective — Cypriot

Official name

Republic of Cyprus

Other political or pressure groups

United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK; proWest); PanCyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; proWest); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (TurkSen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)

Pipelines

natural gas, 80 km

Political subdivisions

6 administrative districts

Population

670,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.3%

Ports

8 major (including US Naval Base at Guantanamo), 40 minor

3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 1 secondary (Vasilikos) under construction, 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish Cypriot control

Railroads

14,925 km total; Cuba National Railways operates 5,295 km of 1.435-meter gauge track; 199 km electrified; 9,630 km of sugar plantation lines of 0.914-1.435-meter gauge

none

Religion

78% Greek Orthodox; 18% Muslim; 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other

Suffrage

universal age 21 and over .56

Telecommunications

moderately good telecommunication system in both Greek Turkish sectors; 150,000 telephones (20 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 6 FM, and 30 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna Defense Forces

Turkish Sector budget

(1982) revenues, $49.2 million; expenditures, $63.9 million; deficit, $14.7 million

Turkish Sector exports

$39.5 million (f.o.b., 1982); principal items — citrus fruits, potatoes, metal pipes, pyrites

Turkish Sector GDP

$206.3 million (1982 est.), $1,361 per capita

Turkish Sector imports

$1 19.9 million (c.i.f., 1982); principal items — foodstuffs, raw materials, fuels, machinery

Turkish Sector major trade partners

imports (1982)— 42% EC, 41% Turkey, 4% Japan, 1% US; exports (1982)— 67% EC, 18% Turkey, 5% Syria, 3% UAE, 3% Saudi Arabia

Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate

225.46 Turkish liras=US$l (1983 average)

Type

republic; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control over the northern 37 percent of the republic; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983, Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf Denktash declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which has been recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of government

Voting strength

in the 1983 presidential election, incumbent Spyros Kyprianou retained his position by winning 56% of the vote; in the 1981 parliamentary election, the proWestern Democratic Rally and Communist AKEL each received 12 of the 35 seats; Kyprianou 's center-right Democratic Party received eight seats; and socialist EDEK won three seats; in 1981 "presidential" elections in the Turkish Cypriot sector, Rauf Denktash won with 52 percent of the vote