1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
9,251 km2; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other WATER
Coastline
approximately 648 km
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
12 nm
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other
Greek Sector labor force
180,700 (1980), 42% services; 33% industry; 25% agriculture; 2.1% unemployed
Language
Greek, Turkish, English
Literacy
about 89% of population 15 years or older, 99% of population aged 15-39
Nationality
noun—Cypriot(s); adjective—Cypriot
Population
642,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.0%
Religion
78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other
Government
Branches
currently the Government of Cyprus has effective authority over only the Greek Cypriot community, consisting of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots have their own "constitution" and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus"
Capital
Nicosia Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts
Communists
12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000
Elections
officially every five years (next presidential elections to be held in 1983); parliamentary elections held in May 1981; Turkish Cypriot "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections held in June 1981 Political parties and leaders: Greek Sector: Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DS), Glafkos Clerides; Democratic Party (DK), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; New Democratic Movement (NDP), Alecos Michaelides; New Union of the Center, Tassos Papadopoulos; Pancyprian Renewal Party (PAME), Khrysostomos Sofianos; Turkish Sector: National Unity Party (UBP), Mustafa Cagatay; Communal Liberation Party (TKP), Alpay Durduran; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker Ozgur; Democratic People's Party (DHP), Nejat Konuk; Turkish Unity Party (TBP), Ismail Tezer Voting strength (1981 elections): in the parliamentary elections pro-Western Democratic Rally and Communist AKEL each received 12 of the 35 seats; Kyprianou 's center-right Democratic Party received eight seats; and socialist EDEK won three seats; in "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections in the Turkish Cypriot sector, Rauf Denktash won with 52 percent of the vote; his party (UBP) received 18 of 40 seats in the "Assembly" while the center-left TKP won 13 seats; the remainder were divided among the other parties
Government leaders
President Spyros KYPRIANOU; elected Interim President in September 1977 to serve out the remainder of the term of Archbishop Makarios, who died on 3 August 1977, and elected President in his own right by acclamation in February 1978; Turkish Sector: "President" Rauf DENKTASH; "Prime Minister" Mustafa CAGATAY
Legal system
based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently
Member of
Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
Independence Day, 1 October
Official name
Republic of Cyprus
Other political or pressure groups
United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK; pro- West); Pan Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; pro- West); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)
Suffrage
universal age 21 and over
Type
republic since August 1960; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control over the northern 37 percent of the republic; in 1975 the Turkish Cypriots declared a separate Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, although Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; negotiations, which aim at finding a mutually agreeable solution to intercommunal differences, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government
Economy
Agriculture
main crops—potatoes, grapes, citrus fruit, grains
Budget
(1980 est.) revenues $489.7 million, expenditures $582.7 million, deficit $93.0 million
Electric power
500,000 kW capacity (1981); 1,042 billion kWh produced (1981), 1,654 kWh per capita
Exports
$532.8 million (f.o.b., 1980); principal items—food and beverages including citrus, raisins, potatoes and wine, also cement and clothing
Fiscal year
calendar year
GNP
$2,165 million (1980, est.), $4,223 per capita; 1980 est. real growth rate 4.2%
Imports
$1,214 million (c.i.f., 1980); principal items—manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, food
Major industries
mining (iron pyrites, gypsum, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption—beverages, footwear, clothing, cement
Major trade partners
imports (1980)—15.4% UK, 0.8% Italy, 10.1% Iraq, 7.6% West Germany, 7.0% Greece; exports (1980)—20.7% UK, 7.7% Saudi Arabia, 6.8% Syria, 9.9% Lebanon, 8.2% Libya
Monetary conversion rate
1 Cyprus pound=US$2.834 (1980 average)
Turkish Sector budget
(1980 prelim.) revenues $33.1 million, expenditures $62.0 million, deficit $28.9 million
Turkish Sector exports
$40.2 million (f.o.b., 1979); principal items—citrus fruits, potatoes, metal pipes and pyrites
Turkish Sector GNP
$200.7 million (1978), $1,580 per capita
Turkish Sector imports
$107.5 million (c.i.f., 1979); principal items are foodstuffs, raw materials, fuels, machinery
Turkish Sector major trade partners
imports (1979)—43% Turkey, 21.2% UK, 7% Italy, 6.6% West Germany, 2.7% France; exports (1979)—66.4% UK, 21% Turkey, 3.7% West Germany
Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate
76.04 Turkish lira=US$1 (1980 average)
Communications
Airfields
12 total, 11 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,656 m
Civil air
7 major transport aircraft
Highways
9,710 km total; 4,580 km bituminous surface treated; 5,130 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
Ports
3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish Cypriot control
Railroads
none
Telecommunications
moderately good telecommunication system in both Greek and Turkish sectors; 92,580 telephones (15.0 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 4 FM, and 25 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 2 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station
Military and Security
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $57.7 million; about 14.8% of central government budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 174,000; 123,000 fit for military service; about 5,000 reach military age (18) annually