1986 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas, coffee; imports significant quantities of wheat; an illegal producer of coca for the international drug trade

principal crops are corn, sorghum, millet, cowpeas; livestock raised and exported; heavy dependence on imported food

Airfields

592 total, 527 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 128 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

103 total, 95 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Area

1,098,581 km2; the size of Texas and California combined; 45% urban, desert, waste, or other; 40% forest; 11% pasture and meadow; 2% cultivated and fallow; 2% inland water

Branches

executive; bicameral legislature (National Congress — Senate and Chamber of Deputies); Congress began meeting again in October 1982; judiciary

Bolivian Army, Bolivian Navy, Bolivian Air Force (literally, the Army of the Nation, the Navy of the Nation, the Air Force of the Nation)

executive — President appoints and presides over the Cabinet, which is responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature (National Assembly with 34 popularly elected members and four members elected by the 34 representatives; House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only); judicial— local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction

Army, Air Wing, Botswana Police

Budget

$257 million revenues, $1,856 million expenditures (1984 est.)

(FY84/85 est.) revenues $433 million, expenditures $351 million

Capital

La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)

Gaborone

Civil air

56 major transport aircraft

5 major transport aircraft

Communists

no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts

Elections

presidential elections on 14 July 1985 did not produce the required majority for any of the three leading candidates; Victor Paz Estenssoro, center-left leader of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR), placed second in the popular vote to center-right Hugo Banzer, head of the Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN); however, the MNR won 94 congressional seats compared to the ADN's 51 ; as a result, the Bolivian Congress on 5 August chose Paz Estenssoro to head the government; he was inaugurated on 6 August Political parties and leaders: the two parties which garnered the most votes in the 1985 elections, the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) and the Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN), continue to have a tactical alliance; MNR, Victor Paz Estenssoro; ADN, Hugo Banzer; Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Jaime Paz Zamora; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the Left (MNRI), Hernan Siles Zuazo; Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB), Mario Gutierrez; Authentic Revolutionary Party (PRA), Walter Guevara; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Benjamin Miguel; Nationalist Revolutionary Party of the Left, Juan Lechin Oquendo

general elections held 8 September 1984 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Quett Masire; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma; Botswana People's Party (BPP); Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho

Electric power

490,000 kW capacity (1985); 2 billion kWh produced (1985), 323 kWh per capita

105,000 kW capacity (1985); 505 million kWh produced (1985), 472 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

30% Quechua, 25% Aymara, 25-30% mixed, 5-15% European

95% Batswana; about 4% Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi; about 1% white

Exports

$730 million (f.o.b., 1984 est.); tin, natural gas, silver, tungsten, zinc, antimony, lead, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton Bolivia (continued) Botswana

$670 million (f .o.b. 1984); diamonds, cattle, animal products, copper, nickel

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

1 April-31 March Communications

GDP

$905 million (1984); average annual real growth, 9.7% during 1976-84, 2% in FY83/84

GNP

$4 billion (1985 est), $400 per capita; 94% private consumption, 9% public consumption, 7% gross domestic investment; — 10.0% current account balance (1983); real growth rate -4% (1984)

Government leader

Victor PAZ Estenssoro, President (since August 1985)

Dr. Quett K. J. MASIRE, President (since July 1980)

Highways

38,830 km total; 1,300 km paved, 6,700 km gravel, 30,836 km improved and unimproved earth

1 1,500 km total; 1,600 km paved; 1,700km crushed stone or gravel; 5,177 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth

Imports

$477 million (c.i.f., 1984 est.); foodstuffs, chemicals, capital goods, Pharmaceuticals, transportation

$690 million (c.i.f., 1984); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products

Infant mortality rate

142/1,000(1983)

about 68.4/1,000 (1981)

Inland waterways

officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways

Labor force

1.7 million (1983); 50% agriculture, 26% services and utilities, 10% manufacturing, 4% mining, 10% other

about 400,000 total; 1 10,000 formal sector employees (1984); most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; 40,000 formal sector employees spend at least six to nine months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1980); 17% unemployment (1983)

Land boundaries

6,083 km People

3,774 km People

Language

Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara (all official)

English (official), Setswana

Legal system

based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

49

56

Literacy

63%

about 24% in English; about 35% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school graduates

Major industries

mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing

livestock processing; mining of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; tourism

Major trade partners

exports — Argentina 44%, US 24%, EC 19%, FRG 6%, UK 4%; imports— Brazil 22%, US 16%, EC 16%, Argentina 14%, Japan 13%, FRG 4% (1984)

Switzerland, US, UK, other EC members of Southern African Customs Union

Member of

FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— InterAmerican Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, LAIA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAIA, formerly LAFTA), NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Af DB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT(de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

Military budget

estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $273.0 million; 22.8% of central government budget 20° km Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative Set regional map VII Land 600,372 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; about 6% arable; less than 1% cultivated; mostly desert •

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $26.6 million; 7% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,416,000; 927,000 fit for military service; 65,000 reach military age (19) annually

males 15-49, 21 1,000; 1 12,000 fit for military service; 12,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

75,000 pesos=US$l (August 1985)

1.88 pula=US$l (24 January 1985)

National holiday

Independence Day, 6 August

Botswana Day, 30 September

Nationality

noun — Bolivian(s); adjective Bolivian

noun — Motswana (sing.), Botswana (pi.); adjective — Botswana

Natural resources

tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron ore

diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal

Official name

Republic of Bolivia

Republic of Botswana

Organized labor

150,000-200,000, concentrated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation; mostly organized under Bolivian Woerkers' Central (COB) labor federation Government

16 trade unions organized Government

Pipelines

crude oil, 1,670 km; refined products, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km

Political subdivisions

nine departments with limited autonomy

10 administrative districts

Population

6,358,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.6%

1,104,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.3%

Ports

none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru)

Railroads

3,675 km total; 3,538 km 1.000meter gauge and 32 km 0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track; 105 km 1,000-meter gauge, privately owned

726 km 1.0 67-meter gauge

Religion

95% Roman Catholic; active Protestant minority, especially Methodist

50% indigenous beliefs, 50% Christian

Suffrage

universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single

universal adult at age 21

Telecommunications

radio-relay system being expanded; improved international services; 144,300 telephones (2.6 per 100 popl.); 160 AM, 29 FM, 42 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Defense Forces

the small system is a combination of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; 17,900 telephones (1.8 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

Type

republic

parliamentary republic; independent member of Commonwealth

Voting strength

(1985 election) ADN 28.11%, MNR 26.66%; MIR 8.86%

(September 1984 election) Legislative Assembly— BDP, 28 seats; BNF, 5 seats; BPP, 1 seat