Tanzania

<p>Tanzania contains some of Africa’s most iconic national parks and famous paleoanthropological sites, and its diverse cultural heritage reflects the multiple ethnolinguistic groups that live in the country. Its long history of integration into trade networks spanning the Indian Ocean and the African interior led to the development of Swahili as a common language in much of east Africa and the introduction of Islam into the region. A number of independent coastal and island trading posts in what is now Tanzania came under Portuguese control after 1498 when they began to take control of much of the coast and Indian Ocean trade. By 1700, the Sultanate of Oman had become the dominant power in the region after ousting the Portuguese, who were also facing a series of local uprisings. During the next hundred years, Zanzibar -- an archipelago off the coast that is now part of Tanzania -- became a hub of Indian Ocean trade, with Arab and Indian traders establishing and consolidating trade routes with communities in mainland Tanzania that contributed to the expansion of the slave trade. Zanzibar briefly became the capital of the Sultanate of Oman before it split into separate Omani and Zanzibar Sultanates in 1856. Beginning in the mid-1800s, European explorers, traders, and Christian missionaries became more active in the region. The Germans eventually established control over mainland Tanzania -- which they called Tanganyika -- and the British established control over Zanzibar. Tanganyika came under British administration after the German defeat in World War I.</p> <p>Tanganyika gained independence from Great Britain in 1961, and Zanzibar followed in 1963 as a constitutional monarchy. In Tanganyika, Julius NYERERE, a charismatic and idealistic socialist, established a one-party political system that centralized power and encouraged national self-reliance and rural development. In 1964, a popular uprising overthrew the Sultan in Zanzibar and either killed or expelled many of the Arabs and Indians who had dominated the isles for more than 200 years. Later that year, Tanganyika and Zanzibar combined to form the United Republic of Tanzania, but Zanzibar retained considerable autonomy. Their two ruling parties combined to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party in 1977, which has since won every presidential election. Tanzania held its first multi-party elections in 1995, but CCM candidates have continued to dominate politics. The ruling party has claimed victory in four contentious elections since 1995, despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. In 2001, 35 people died in Zanzibar when soldiers fired on protestors. John MAGUFULI won the 2015 and 2020 presidential elections, and the CCM won over two-thirds of the seats in Parliament in both elections. MAGUFULI died in 2021 while in office and was succeeded by his vice president, Samia Suluhu HASSAN.</p>

Land

885,800 sq km

Note

<strong>note:</strong> includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

Total

947,300 sq km

Water

61,500 sq km

more than six times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than twice the size of California

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

1,424 km

Africa

Highest point

Kilimanjaro (highest point in Africa) 5,895 m

Lowest point

Indian Ocean 0 m

Mean elevation

1,018 m

6 00 S, 35 00 E

Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only three mountain ranges on the continent that has glaciers (the others are Mount Kenya in Kenya and the Ruwenzori Mountains on the Uganda-Democratic Republic of the Congo border); Tanzania is bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second-deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest

1,840 sq km (2012)

Border countries

Burundi 589 km; Democratic Republic of the Congo 479 km; Kenya 775 km; Malawi 512 km; Mozambique 840 km; Rwanda 222 km; Uganda 391 km; Zambia 353 km

number of neighbors

8

Total

4,161 km

Agricultural land

44.6% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 15.2% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 2.3% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 27.1% (2023 est.)

arable land

15.24%

Forest

50.1% (2023 est.)

Other

5.3% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

2.28%

No

Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique

Fresh water lake(s)

Lake Victoria (shared with Uganda and Kenya) - 62,940 sq km; Lake Tanganyika (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, and Zambia) - 32,000 sq km; Lake Malawi (shared with Mozambique and Malawi) - 22,490

Salt water lake(s)

Lake Rukwa - 5,760 sq km

Nile (shared with Rwanda [s], Uganda, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt [m]) - 6,650 km<br><br><strong>note:</strong> [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage

Congo (3,730,881 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea)</em> Nile (3,254,853 sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage

Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/NWYMqZYXte4zGZ2Q8

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/195270

Africa

Exclusive economic zone

200 nm

Territorial sea

12 nm

flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru

hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones (including tanzanite, found only in Tanzania), gold, natural gas, nickel

the largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along the east coast, as shown in this population distribution map

Eastern Africa

plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south

UTC+03:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

41.2% (male 14,039,292/female 13,740,439)

15-64 years

55.4% (male 18,677,388/female 18,708,390)

65 years and over

3.4% (2024 est.) (male 975,224/female 1,321,388)

Beer

0.74 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

6.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

0.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

7.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

33.45 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Men married by age 18

3.5% (2022)

Women married by age 15

5.2% (2022)

Women married by age 18

29.1% (2022)

30%

11.4% (2022 est.)

59.2% (2022 est.)

4.96 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

202 per 1,000

adult male

282 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

5.8 (2025 est.)

Potential support ratio

17.3 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

81.8 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

76 (2025 est.)

improved total

31.33%

Improved: rural

rural: 49% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 60.8% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 81.1% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 51% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 39.2% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 18.9% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

3.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

13.4% national budget (2024 est.)

3 % of GDP

mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African

2.19 (2025 est.)

3 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

3.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

5.1% of national budget (2022 est.)

1.1%

0.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Female

26.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

32.3 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

21 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic, many local languages

Major-language sample(s)

<br>The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

number of languages

2

Female

72.6 years

Male

69 years

Total population

70.8 years (2024 est.)

Female

73.1% (2022 est.)

Male

84.2% (2022 est.)

Total population

78.2% (2022 est.)

262,000 Dodoma (legislative capital) (2018), 7.776 million DAR ES SALAAM (administrative capital), 1.311 million Mwanza, 800,000 Zanzibar (2023)

276 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

19.4 years

Male

18.8 years

Total

18.8 years (2025 est.)

19.9 years (2022 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 15-49

Adjective

Tanzanian

Noun

Tanzanian(s)

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

8.4% (2016)

0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Female

34,548,015

Male

34,597,449

Total

69,145,464 (2025 est.)

2.85% (2025 est.)

Christian 63.1%, Muslim 34.1%, folk religion 1.1%, Buddhist &lt;1%, Hindu &lt;1%, Jewish &lt;1%, other &lt;1%, unspecified 1.6% (2020 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> Zanzibar is almost entirely Muslim

improved total

28.46%

Improved: rural

rural: 27.2% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 50.1% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 89.6% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 72.8% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 49.9% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 10.4% of population (2022 est.)

Female

9 years (2021 est.)

Male

9 years (2021 est.)

Total

9 years (2021 est.)

0-14 years

1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.74 male(s)/female

At birth

1.03 male(s)/female

Total population

1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Female

2% (2025 est.)

Male

11.3% (2025 est.)

Total

6.5% (2025 est.)

4.45 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

37.4% of total population (2023)

measles

84%

31 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemba South), Kusini Unguja (Zanzibar Central/South), Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Mjini Magharibi (Zanzibar Urban/West), Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pwani (Coast), Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Songwe, Tabora, Tanga

Etymology

the name comes from the name of a nearby mountain; the origin of the mountain's name is unclear

Geographic coordinates

6 48 S, 39 17 E

Name

Dodoma

Time difference

UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Tanzania; if a child is born abroad, the father must be a citizen of Tanzania

Dual citizenship recognized

no

Residency requirement for naturalization

5 years

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/tz.svg

Amendment process

proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles including those on sovereignty of the United Republic, the authorities and powers of the government, the president, the Assembly, and the High Court requires two-thirds majority vote of the mainland Assembly membership and of the Zanzibar House of Representatives membership; House of Representatives approval of other amendments is not required

History

several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977

alternative spellings

TZ, Tanzania, United Republic of, United Republic of Tanzania, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania

Conventional long form

United Republic of Tanzania

Conventional short form

Tanzania

Etymology

the country's name is a combination of the first letters of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the two states that merged to form Tanzania in 1964

FIFA code

TAN

Former

German East Africa, Trust Territory of Tanganyika, Republic of Tanganyika, People's Republic of Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

Local long form

Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania

local long form (eng)

United Republic of Tanzania

Local short form

Tanzania

Chief of mission

Ambassador&nbsp;(vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Andrew LENTZ (since January 2025)

Email address and website

<br>DRSACS@state.gov<br><br>https://tz.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, P.O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam

FAX

[255] (22) 229-4721

Mailing address

2140 Dar es Salaam Place, Washington, DC&nbsp; 20521-2140

Telephone

[255] (22) 229-4000

Chancery

1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037

Chief of mission

Ambassador Elsie Sia KANZA (since 1 December 2021)

Email address and website

<br>ubalozi@tanzaniaembassy-us.org<br><br>https://us.tzembassy.go.tz/

FAX

[1] (202) 797-7408

Telephone

[1] (202) 884-1080

Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly

Chief of state

President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021)

Election results

<em><br>2025</em>: Samia Suluhu HASSAN reelected; percent of vote - Samia Suluhu HASSAN (CCM) 97.7%, others 2.3%

Election/appointment process

president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president

Expected date of next election

October 2030

Head of government

President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021)

Most recent election date

29 October 2025

Note

<strong>note 1:</strong> Zanzibar elects a president as head of government for internal matters; election held on 28 October 2020; Hussein MWINYI (CCM) 76.3%, Maalim Seif SHARIF (ACT-Wazalendo) 19.9%, other 3.8%<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the president is both chief of state and head of government<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> after the death of President John MAGUFULI in March 2021, Vice President Samia Suluhu HASSAN assumed the presidency

<strong>description:</strong> divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band, from the lower left corner to the upper right corner; the upper triangle (left side) is green, and the lower is blue<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> colors come from the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green stands for natural vegetation, gold for rich mineral deposits, black for the Swahili people, and blue for lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean

The flag of Tanzania features a yellow-edged black diagonal band that extends from the lower hoist-side corner to the upper fly-side corner of the field. Above and beneath this band are a green and light blue triangle respectively.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/tz.svg

presidential republic

26 April 1964 (Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar); 29 October 1964 (renamed United Republic of Tanzania); notable earlier dates: 9 December 1961 (Tanganyika became independent from UK-administered UN trusteeship); 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar became independent from UK)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Highest court(s)

Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and 10 justices)

Judge selection and term of office

Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high-level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president; Court of Appeal and High Court judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 60, but terms can be extended; High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 65

Subordinate courts

Resident Magistrates Courts; Kadhi courts (for Islamic family matters); district and primary courts

English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation

Electoral system

plurality/majority

Expected date of next election

October 2030

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

National Assembly (Bunge)

Most recent election date

10/29/2025

Note

<strong>note</strong>: the Attorney General fills the "other" seat as an ex-officio member

Number of seats

403 (272 directly elected; 120 indirectly elected; 10 appointed; 1 other)

Parties elected and seats per party

Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (CCM) (383); ACT-Wazalendo (2)

Percentage of women in chamber

39.5%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

green, yellow, blue, black

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Ngorongoro Conservation Area (m); Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara (c); Serengeti National Park (n); Selous Game Reserve (n); Kilimanjaro National Park (n); Stone Town of Zanzibar (c); Kondoa Rock-Art Sites (c)

Total World Heritage Sites

7 (3 cultural, 3 natural, 1 mixed)

Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)

Uhuru (freedom) torch, giraffe

Alliance for Change and Transparency (Wazalendo) or ACT-Wazalendo<br>Civic United Front (Chama Cha Wananchi) or CUF<br>Party of Democracy and Development (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) or CHADEMA<br>Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) or CCM

Monday

18 years of age; universal

Yes

maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, milk, sugarcane, rice, vegetables, beans, sunflower seeds (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

On alcohol and tobacco

1.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

On food

26.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Expenditures

$13.583 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$11.716 billion (2024 est.)

code

TZS

name

Tanzanian shilling (TZS) [Sh]

$-2,379,788,231

Current account balance 2021

-$2.374 billion (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

-$5.482 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$2.958 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$36.34 billion

Debt - external 2023

$17.513 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars

emerging lower middle-income East African economy; resource-rich and growing tourism; strong post-pandemic recovery from hospitality, electricity, mining, and transit sectors; declining poverty; stable inflation; gender-based violence economic and labor force disruptions

Currency

Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

2,294.146 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

2,297.764 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

2,303.034 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

2,383.043 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

2,597.9 (2024 est.)

$15.64 billion

Exports 2021

$9.874 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$11.986 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$13.98 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

gold, refined petroleum, dried legumes, refined copper, coal (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

India 15%, UAE 14%, Uganda 12%, South Africa 10%, China 6% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$1.72 billion

Exports of goods and services

19.8% (2024 est.)

Government consumption

9.2% (2024 est.)

Household consumption

52.9% (2024 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-21.7% (2024 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

41.4% (2024 est.)

Investment in inventories

-1.6% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

23.4% (2024 est.)

Industry

28.7% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

28.4% (2024 est.)

$78.78 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$1,187

40.5 (2017)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018

40.5 (2018 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$77.1 billion

$1,210

40 % of GDP

Highest 10%

33.1% (2018 est.)

Lowest 10%

2.9% (2018 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$17.1 billion

Imports 2021

$11.61 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$16.674 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$16.059 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, plastics, garments, fertilizers, wheat (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 32%, India 13%, UAE 9%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Japan 4% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

5.2% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer

3.06%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

4.4% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

3.8% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

3.1% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

32.983 million (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

34.05 million persons

agriculture

64.57%

industry

8.1%

services

27.32%

26.4% (2018 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt 2016

38% of GDP (2016 est.)

$280.43 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$222.506 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$233.786 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$246.706 billion (2024 est.)

5.53%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

4.6% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

5.1% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

5.5% (2024 est.)

$4,221

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$3,500 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$3,600 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$3,700 (2024 est.)

$1.12 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

0.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

0.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016

$4.351 billion (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017

$5.888 billion (2017 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018

$5.05 billion (2018 est.)

15 % of GDP

13 % of GDP

11.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

1.57%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

2.6% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

2.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

2.6% (2024 est.)

Female

4.2% (2024 est.)

Male

2.6% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

3.3% (2024 est.)

Consumption

740,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Exports

1.602 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

21 metric tons (2023 est.)

Production

2.341 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

1.41 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

9.109 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

123 kWh

Imports

157.688 million kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

1.818 million kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

2.039 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - rural areas

36%

Electrification - total population

45.8% (2022 est.)

Electrification - urban areas

74.7%

Biomass and waste

0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

74.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

29.3%

Hydroelectricity

24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear

0%

renewable

39.39%

Solar

0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

405 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

4.091 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Consumption

2.016 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Production

2.016 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

6.513 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

85,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

78.3%

per 100 inhabitants

2 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

2 (2023 est.)

Total

1.66 million (2023 est.)

about 45 TV stations, with 13 national that broadcast free-to-air TV; 196 radio stations, most operating at the district level, but also including 5 independent national stations and 1 state-owned national radio station; international broadcasts widely available through satellite TV; 3 major satellite TV providers (2020)

.tz

Percent of population

29% (2023 est.)

+255

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2023 est.) less than 1

Total subscriptions

76,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100

105 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

127 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

86.8 million (2024 est.)

passengers carried

1.91 million passengers

registered carrier departures

81,604 departures

206 (2025)

5H

Left

By type

bulk carrier 4, container ship 17, general cargo 170, oil tanker 58, other 132

Total

381 (2023)

Key ports

Chake Chake, Dar Es Salaam, Tanga, Zanzibar

Large

0

Medium

1

Ports with oil terminals

4

Small

3

Total ports

8 (2024)

Very small

4

Broad gauge

2,707 km (2022) 1.000 m guage

Narrow gauge

969 km (2022) 1.067 m gauge

Standard gauge

421 km (2022)

Total

4,097 km (2022)

EAT

armored vehicles

tanks

the chief concerns of the Tanzania Defense Forces (TDPF) are maritime piracy and smuggling, border security, terrorism, animal poaching, and spillover from instability in neighboring countries, particularly Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); it participates in multinational training exercises, regional peacekeeping deployments, and has ties with a variety of foreign militaries, including those of China, India, and the US; it has contributed troops to the UN&rsquo;s Force Intervention Brigade in the DRC; the TPDF also participated in the former Southern African Development Community intervention force in Mozambique, which assisted the Mozambique military in combating fighters affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); the regional force withdrew in 2024, but the TPDF continues to maintain troops in Mozambique as part of a separate bilateral security agreement; since 2020, the TPDF has reinforced the border with Mozambique following several cross-border attacks by ISIS fighters (2025)

Tanzania People's Defense Forces (TPDF or Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force, Nation Building Army (Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa, JKT), Reserve Forces<br><br>Ministry of Home Affairs: Tanzania Police Force (Jeshi la Polisi Tanzania) (2025)

active duty personnel

28,000

note

<strong>note 1:</strong> the Nation Building Army (aka National Services) is a paramilitary organization under the Defense Forces that provides six months of military and vocational training to individuals as part of their two years of public service; after completion of training, some graduates join the regular Defense Forces while the remainder become part of the Reserves<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Tanzania Police Force includes the Police Field Force (aka Field Force Unit), a special police division with the responsibility for controlling unlawful demonstrations and riots

percent of total labor force

0.10 %

approximately 25,000 active Defense Forces (2025)

520 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); more than 1,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO and Southern African Development Community regional force); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 300 Mozambique (under bi-lateral agreement to assist with combatting an insurgency) (2025)

the TPDF's inventory includes mostly British, Chinese, and Russian/Soviet-era armaments (2025)

1 % of GDP

current USD

$920,849,886

Military Expenditures 2020

1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

1.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

6.10 %

percent of GDP

1.15 % of GDP

generally 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women, but may go up to 35 years of age depending on education levels and for medical specialists; no conscription (2026)

PowerIndex score

1.9111

IDPs

75,117 (2024 est.)

Refugees

218,123 (2024 est.)

al-Shabaab; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note

<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

From coal and metallurgical coke

1.687 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From consumed natural gas

3.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

12.066 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

17.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

water pollution; improper management of liquid waste; indoor air pollution from burning wood or charcoal for cooking and heating; soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; coral reef destruction; illegal hunting and animal trade, especially ivory; loss of biodiversity; solid waste disposal

Global geoparks and regional networks

Ngorongoro Lengai (2023)

Total global geoparks and regional networks

1

Party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Agriculture

1,176.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Energy

568.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Other

1,226.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste

168.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)

14.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

32 % of total land area

4 % of total

96.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

6 % of internal resources

Agricultural

4.632 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

25 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

527 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

9.277 million tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

12.3% (2022 est.)