Tajikistan

<p>The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. At that time, bands of indigenous guerrillas (known as "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first established as an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, but in 1929 the Soviet Union made Tajikistan as a separate republic and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd Province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the country experienced a civil war among political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997.</p> <p>Despite Tajikistan's general elections for both the presidency (once every seven years) and legislature (once every five years), observers note an electoral system rife with irregularities and abuse, and results that are neither free nor fair. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power in 1992 during the civil war and was first elected president in 1994, used an attack planned by a disaffected deputy defense minister in 2015 to ban the last major opposition party in Tajikistan. RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself declared "Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation," with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which made RAHMON's first-born son Rustam EMOMALI, the mayor of the capital city of Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020. RAHMON orchestrated EMOMALI's selection in 2020 as chairman of the Majlisi Milli (the upper chamber of Tajikistan's parliament), positioning EMOMALI as next in line of succession for the presidency. RAHMON opted to run in the presidential election later that year and received 91% of the vote.<br><br>The country remains the poorest of the former Soviet republics. Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in 2013, but its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistani migrant laborers in Russia and Kazakhstan, pervasive corruption, the opiate trade, and destabilizing violence emanating from neighboring Afghanistan. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and informal leaders in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. Tajikistan suffered its first ISIS-claimed attack in 2018, when assailants attacked a group of Western bicyclists, killing four. Friction between forces on the border between Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic flared up in 2021, culminating in fatal clashes between border forces in 2021 and 2022.</p>

Land

141,510 sq km

Total

144,100 sq km

Water

2,590 sq km

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

0 km (landlocked)

Asia

Highest point

Qullai Somoniyon 7,495 m

Lowest point

Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m

Mean elevation

3,186 m

39 00 N, 71 00 E

landlocked; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

5,681 sq km (2022)

Border countries

Afghanistan 1,357 km; China 477 km; Kyrgyzstan 984 km; Uzbekistan 1,312 km

number of neighbors

4

Total

4,130 km

Agricultural land

27.9% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 6.1% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 1.5% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 20.4% (2023 est.)

arable land

6.08%

Forest

3.1% (2023 est.)

Other

69% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

1.47%

Yes

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river source (shared with Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan [m]) - 2,620 km<br><br><strong>note:</strong> [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Internal (endorheic basin) drainage

Tarim Basin (1,152,448 sq km), <em>(Aral Sea Basin)</em> Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/8rQgW88jEXijhVb58

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/214626

Asia

none (landlocked)

earthquakes; floods

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

the population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as many as 90% living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Central Asia

mountainous region dominated by the Alay Mountains in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofirnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

UTC+05:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

36.9% (male 1,953,472/female 1,877,192)

15-64 years

59.3% (male 3,086,964/female 3,071,642)

65 years and over

3.9% (2024 est.) (male 181,382/female 223,411)

Beer

0.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

0.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

0.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

25.31 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Women married by age 15

0.1% (2017)

Women married by age 18

8.7% (2017)

13.7%

5.2% (2023 est.)

68% (2020 est.)

4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

105 per 1,000

adult male

159 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

6.9 (2025 est.)

Potential support ratio

14.5 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

68.5 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

61.5 (2025 est.)

improved total

65.11%

Improved: rural

rural: 76.6% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 81.9% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 95.6% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 23.4% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 18.1% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 4.4% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

5.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

19.3% national budget (2024 est.)

5 % of GDP

Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 13.8%, other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2014 est.)

1.71 (2025 est.)

7 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

8% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.1%

4.3 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Female

18.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

24.3 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

13 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

20.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)

Major-language sample(s)

<br>Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Note

<strong>note:</strong> Russian widely used in government and business

number of languages

2

Female

73.8 years

Male

70.1 years

Total population

71.9 years (2024 est.)

Female

94.6% (2017 est.)

987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)

14 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

23.2 years

Male

22.3 years

Total

22.8 years (2025 est.)

23.2 years (2017 est.)

Adjective

Tajikistani

Noun

Tajikistani(s)

-1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

14.2% (2016)

1.87 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Female

5,270,956

Male

5,322,920

Total

10,593,876 (2025 est.)

1.89% (2025 est.)

Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2% (2014 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)

Female

11 years (2024 est.)

Male

12 years (2024 est.)

Total

12 years (2024 est.)

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.81 male(s)/female

At birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Total population

1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

3.52 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

28.2% of total population (2023)

measles

98%

2 provinces (<em>viloyatho</em>, singular - <em>viloyat</em>), 1 autonomous province* (<em>viloyati mukhtor</em>), 1 capital region** (<em>viloyati poytakht</em>), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Bokhtar), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand)

note

<strong>note:</strong> the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Etymology

the name means Monday in Persian; today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar was held on Mondays, or the second day (<em>du</em>) after Saturday (<em>shambe</em>)

Geographic coordinates

38 33 N, 68 46 E

Name

Dushanbe

Time difference

UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan

Dual citizenship recognized

no

Residency requirement for naturalization

5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/tj.svg

Amendment process

proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan&rsquo;s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended

History

several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994

alternative spellings

TJ, Toçikiston, Republic of Tajikistan, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriyi Toçikiston

Conventional long form

Republic of Tajikistan

Conventional short form

Tajikistan

Etymology

the Persian suffix -<em>ostan </em>means "land," so the country name means "Land of the Tajik [people];" the name Tajik comes from the Sanskrit <em>tajika</em>, a name originally used to distinguish Arabs from Turks and derived from the Tay, an Arab people

FIFA code

TJK

Former

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Local long form

Jumhurii Tojikiston

local long form (rus)

Республика Таджикистан

Local short form

Tojikiston

Chief of mission

Ambassador Manuel P. MICALLER Jr. (since 9 March 2023)

Email address and website

<br>DushanbeConsular@state.gov<br><br>https://tj.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue (Zarafshon district), Dushanbe 734019

FAX

[992] (37) 229-20-50

Mailing address

7090 Dushanbe Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-7090

Telephone

[992] (37) 229-20-00

Chancery

1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037

Chief of mission

Ambassador-designate Zavqi ZAVQIZODA (since 14 November 2025)

Email address and website

<br>tajemus@mfa.tj<br><br>https://mfa.tj/en/washington

FAX

[1] (202) 223-6091

Telephone

[1] (202) 223-6090

Cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly

Chief of state

President Emomali RAHMON (since 16 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly Chairman since 20 November 1992)

Election results

<br><em>2020</em>: Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 92.1%, Rustam LATIFZODA (APT) 3.1%, other 4.8%<br><br><em>2013:</em> Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 84%, Ismoil TALBAKOV CPT) 5%, other 11%

Election/appointment process

president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (two-term limit), but as the "Leader of the Nation," president has no term limit; prime minister appointed by the president

Expected date of next election

2027

Head of government

Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013)

Most recent election date

11 October 2020

<strong>description:</strong> three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown under seven five-pointed gold stars is in the center of the white stripe<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> red stands for the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation; white for purity, cotton, and mountain snows; green for Islam and nature's bounty; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the stars represent the number seven, which is considered a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

The flag of Tajikistan is composed of three horizontal bands of red, white and green in the ratio of 2:3:2. A golden-yellow crown surmounted by an arc of seven five-pointed golden-yellow stars is centered in the white band.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/tj.svg

presidential republic

9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, family, criminal, administrative offense, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, deputy chairman, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists of 16 judicial positions)

Judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no term limits, but the last appointment must occur before the age of 65

Subordinate courts

regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province-level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

civil law system

Legislative structure

bicameral

Legislature name

Supreme Council (Majlisi Oli)

Chamber name

House of Representatives (Majlisi namoyandogon)

Electoral system

mixed system

Expected date of next election

March 2030

Most recent election date

3/2/2025

Number of seats

63 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan (PDPT) (49); Agrarian Party of Tajikistan (APT) (7); Party of Economic Reforms of Tajikistan (PERT) (5); Other (2)

Percentage of women in chamber

28.6%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

Chamber name

National Assembly (Majlisi milli)

Expected date of next election

March 2030

Most recent election date

3/28/2025

Number of seats

33 (25 indirectly elected; 8 appointed)

Percentage of women in chamber

30.3%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

red, white, green

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Proto-urban Site of Sarazm (c); Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) (n); Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor (c); Tugay forests of the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve (n); Cultural Heritage Sites of Ancient Khuttal (c)

Total World Heritage Sites

5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

arc of seven five-pointed stars over a crown, Marco Polo sheep

Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT<br>Democratic Party or DPT<br>Party of Economic Reforms or PERT<br>People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT<br>Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT

Monday

18 years of age; universal

Yes

potatoes, milk, wheat, watermelons, onions, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, vegetables, grapes (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Expenditures

$3.036 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$2.911 billion (2023 est.)

code

TJS

name

Tajikistani somoni (TJS) [ЅМ]

$887.02 million

Current account balance 2022

$1.635 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$584.022 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$887.016 million (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$6.98 billion

Debt - external 2023

$3.024 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> present value of external debt in current US dollars

<p>lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; large infrastructure projects, including Rogun Dam, and a push towards green development and digitalization driving growth; strong metal mining, electricity, and manufacturing industries; challenges include land scarcity, climate vulnerability, and complex bureaucratic processes for investors</p>

Currency

Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

10.322 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

11.309 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

11.031 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

10.845 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

10.799 (2024 est.)

$2.1 billion

Exports 2022

$1.753 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$2.105 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$1.618 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

gold, precious metal ore, aluminum, lead ore, antimony (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Switzerland 31%, Kazakhstan 18%, China 17%, Uzbekistan 10%, Turkey 8% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$291.31 million

Exports of goods and services

17.2% (2023 est.)

Government consumption

10.7% (2023 est.)

Household consumption

89.6% (2023 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-48.4% (2023 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

28.3% (2023 est.)

Investment in inventories

3.4% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

22.9% (2023 est.)

Industry

33.6% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

34.7% (2023 est.)

$14.205 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$1,341

34 (2015)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015

34 (2015 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$18.66 billion

$1,650

32 % of GDP

Highest 10%

26.4% (2015 est.)

Lowest 10%

3% (2015 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$5.93 billion

Imports 2022

$5.261 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$5.931 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$6.907 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

garments, footwear, cars, wheat, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 57%, Kazakhstan 13%, Uzbekistan 8%, Turkey 6%, UAE 4% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

9.9% (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile, vegetable oil

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017

7.3% (2017 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018

3.9% (2018 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019

7.7% (2019 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

2.78 million (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

2.65 million persons

agriculture

43.27%

industry

17.66%

services

39.07%

20.4% (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt 2016

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

$57.25 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$42.905 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$46.467 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$50.37 billion (2024 est.)

8.4%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

8% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

8.3% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

8.4% (2024 est.)

$5,406

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$4,200 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$4,500 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$4,800 (2024 est.)

$6.8 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

49.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

37.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

47.9% of GDP (2024 est.)

$3.3 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021

$2.499 billion (2021 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$3.847 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$3.304 billion (2023 est.)

18 % of GDP

11 % of GDP

10.8% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

6.93%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

11.7% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

11.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

11.7% (2024 est.)

Female

23.3% (2024 est.)

Male

30% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

27.1% (2024 est.)

Consumption

2.297 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Exports

475,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

147,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Production

2.394 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

4.075 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

15.275 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

1,476 kWh

Exports

3.101 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Imports

714.025 million kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

6.481 million kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

3.94 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - rural areas

100%

Electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electrification - urban areas

99%

Fossil fuels

7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

92.7%

Hydroelectricity

92.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear

0%

renewable

93.38%

375 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

16.192 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Consumption

43.767 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Imports

24.196 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Production

18.476 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

5.663 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Crude oil estimated reserves

12 million barrels (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

31,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Total petroleum production

300 bbl/day (2023 est.)

34.9%

per 100 inhabitants

0 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2022 est.) less than 1

Total

6,000 (2022 est.)

state-run broadcaster has 9 national TV and 10 radio stations, and 4 regional stations; 31 independent TV and 20 independent radio stations broadcast locally and regionally; Russian and other foreign stations available via cable and satellite (2016)

.tj

Percent of population

57% (2023 est.)

######

+992

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

5 (2022 est.)

Total subscriptions

502,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100

126 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

119 (2023 est.)

Total subscriptions

7.92 million (2023 est.)

passengers carried

690,677 passengers

registered carrier departures

5,341 departures

19 (2025)

EY

Right

1 (2025)

Broad gauge

680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge

Total

680 km (2014)

TJ

armored vehicles

tanks

the military's primary concerns are terrorism, border security, territorial defense, and regional security, particularly in neighboring Afghanistan; Russia is traditionally Tajikistan’s most important security partner and thousands of Russian troops are stationed in the country, primarily at the 201st military base, which Moscow has leased until at least 2042; Russia and Tajikistan have a joint air defense system, and they conduct periodic joint exercises; Tajikistan has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; Tajikistan also cooperates on security matters with China, including joint military training<br><br>Tajikistan is the only former Soviet republic that did not form its armed forces from old Soviet Army units following the collapse of the USSR in 1991; rather, Russia retained command of the Soviet units there while the Tajik government raised a military from scratch; the first ground forces were officially created in 1993 from groups that fought for the government during the Tajik Civil War (2025)

Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan: Ground Forces, Mobile Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces<br><br>Tajik National Guard (TNG); Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops of Tajikistan; State Committee on National Security: Border Troops (aka Tajik Border Service) (2025)

active duty personnel

17,000

note

<strong>note 1: </strong>the Mobile Forces are the airborne, air assault, mountain, and rapid reaction troops of the Armed Forces<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Tajik National Guard, formerly the Presidential Guard, is a paramilitary force under direct authority of the President; it is tasked with ensuring public safety and security, similar to the tasks of the Internal Troops; it also has ceremonial duties

percent of total labor force

0.75 %

estimated 10,000 active Armed Forces; estimated 5-10,000 active paramilitary National Guard, Border Service, and Internal Troops personnel (2025)

the military is equipped with mostly older Russian and Soviet-era armaments; it also has smaller amounts of items from suppliers such as China, T&uuml;rkiye, and the US (2025)

2 % of GDP

current USD

$246,393,473

Military Expenditures 2020

1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

1.8% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

6.22 %

percent of GDP

1.85 % of GDP

18-27 years of age for compulsory (men only) or voluntary (men and women) military service; up to a 24-month service obligation for conscripts based on education level (2025)

note

<strong>note 1:</strong> in addition to the Armed Forces, conscripts are assigned to Tajikistan's other security agencies <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> those called up to perform military service can participate in just one month of military training instead of fulfilling the full service obligation for a fee of about the equivalent of $2,200 USD

PowerIndex score

2.1749

IDPs

238 (2024 est.)

Refugees

15,191 (2024 est.)

Stateless persons

4,466 (2024 est.)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note

<strong>note 1: </strong>US-designated foreign terrorist groups such as the Islamic Jihad Union, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan Province have operated in the area where the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik borders converge and ill-defined and porous borders allow for the relatively free movement of people and illicit goods <strong><br><br>note 2:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

From coal and metallurgical coke

4.676 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From consumed natural gas

86,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

3.855 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

8.616 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

air pollution from motor vehicles and industry; water pollution from agricultural runoff and untreated industrial waste and sewage; poor management of water resources; soil erosion; increasing levels of soil salinity

Party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

53.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

23 % of total land area

3 % of total

21.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

17 % of internal resources

Agricultural

7.378 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

1.61 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

912 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

1.787 million tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

13.9% (2022 est.)