Iceland

Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althingi, which was established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter-century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but the global financial crisis hit Iceland especially hard in the years after 2008. The economy is now on an upward trajectory, primarily thanks to a tourism and construction boom. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards.

Land

100,250 sq km

Total

103,000 sq km

Water

2,750 sq km

slightly smaller than Pennsylvania; about the same size as Kentucky

temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers

4,970 km

Europe

Highest point

Hvannadalshnukur (at Vatnajokull Glacier) 2,110 m

Lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Mean elevation

557 m

65 00 N, 18 00 W

strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe

0.5 sq km (2022)

Total

0 km

Agricultural land

16.2% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 1.2% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 15% (2023 est.)

arable land

1.2%

Forest

0.6% (2023 est.)

Other

82.6% (2023 est.)

No

Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/WxFWSQuc3oamNxoE6

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/299133

Arctic Region

Continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Exclusive economic zone

200 nm

Territorial sea

12 nm

earthquakes and volcanic activity <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Iceland is situated on top of a hotspot and experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar

fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

Iceland is almost entirely urban, with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and west

Northern Europe

mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords

UTC

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

19.8% (male 36,692/female 35,239)

15-64 years

63.2% (male 116,210/female 113,810)

65 years and over

17.1% (2024 est.) (male 29,366/female 32,719)

Beer

4.39 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

1.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

7.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

2.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

12.47 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

48.5% (2023 est.)

6.62 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

47 per 1,000

adult male

77 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

27 (2024 est.)

Potential support ratio

3.7 (2024 est.)

Total dependency ratio

58.3 (2024 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

31.3 (2024 est.)

improved total

100%

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

7.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

15.7% national budget (2022 est.)

7 % of GDP

Icelandic 78.7%, Polish 5.8%, Danish 1%, Ukrainian 1%, other 13.5% (2024 est.)

note

<strong>note</strong>: data represent population by country of birth

0.94 (2025 est.)

9 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

8.6% of GDP (2022)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

16.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.1%

2.8 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Female

1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

1.8 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

1 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

1.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Icelandic, English, Polish, Nordic languages, German

languages

Icelandic

number of languages

1

Female

86.3 years

Male

81.8 years

Total population

84 years (2024 est.)

216,000 REYKJAVIK (capital) (2018)

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

38.6 years

Male

37.4 years

Total

38.2 years (2025 est.)

28.7 years (2020 est.)

Adjective

Icelandic

Noun

Icelander(s)

2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

21.9% (2016)

4.37 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Female

181,768

Male

182,268

Total

364,036 (2024 est.)

0.82% (2025 est.)

Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 58.6% Roman Catholic 3.8%, Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.6%, Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 1.9%, pagan worship 1.5%, Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 1.4%, other (includes Zuist and Pentecostal) or unspecified 18.7%, none 7.7% (2024 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Female

20 years (2022 est.)

Male

18 years (2022 est.)

Total

19 years (2022 est.)

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.9 male(s)/female

At birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Total population

1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Female

8% (2025 est.)

Male

7.9% (2025 est.)

Total

8% (2025 est.)

1.93 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

94% of total population (2023)

measles

97%

64 municipalities (<em>sveitarfelog</em>, singular - <em>sveitarfelagidh</em>); Akranes, Akureyri, Arneshreppur, Asahreppur, Blaskogabyggdh, Bolungarvik, Borgarbyggdh, Dalabyggdh, Dalvikurbyggdh, Eyjafjardharsveit, Eyja-og Miklaholtshreppur, Fjallabyggdh, Fjardhabyggdh, Fljotsdalshreppur, Floahreppur, Gardhabaer, Grimsnes-og Grafningshreppur, Grindavikurbaer, Grundarfjardharbaer, Grytubakkahreppur, Hafnarfjordhur, Horgarsveit, Hrunamannahreppur, Hunathing Vestra, Hunabyggdh, Hvalfjardharsveit, Hveragerdhi, Isafjardharbaer, Kaldrananeshreppur, Kjosarhreppur, Kopavogur, Langanesbyggdh, Mosfellsbaer, Mulathing, Myrdalshreppur, Nordhurthing, Rangarthing Eystra, Rangarthing Ytra, Reykholahreppur, Reykjanesbaer, Reykjavik, Seltjarnarnes, Skaftarhreppur, Skagabyggdh, Skagafjordhur, Skeidha-og Gnupverjahreppur, Skorradalshreppur, Snaefellsbaer, Strandabyggdh, Stykkisholmur, Sudhavikurhreppur, Sudhurnesjabaer, Svalbardhsstrandarhreppur, Sveitarfelagidh Arborg, Sveitarfelagidh Hornafjordhur, Sveitarfelagidh Olfus, Sveitarfelagidh Skagastrond, Sveitarfelagidh Vogar, Talknafjardharhreppur, Thingeyjarsveit, Tjorneshreppur, Vestmannaeyjar, Vesturbyggdh, Vopnafjardharhreppur

Etymology

the name means "smoky bay" in Icelandic and refers to the steam from the hot springs in the area

Geographic coordinates

64 09 N, 21 57 W

Name

Reykjavik

Time difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Iceland

Dual citizenship recognized

yes

Residency requirement for naturalization

3 to 7 years

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/is.svg

Amendment process

proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution &ndash; that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland &ndash; also require passage by referendum

History

several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence)

alternative spellings

IS, Island, Republic of Iceland, Lýðveldið Ísland

Conventional long form

none

Conventional short form

Iceland

Etymology

Floki VILGERDARSON, an early Norse explorer of the island in the 10th century, applied the name "Land of Ice," from the local words <em>ís </em>(ice) and <em>land </em>(land)

FIFA code

ISL

Local long form

none

local long form (isl)

Ísland

Local short form

Island

Chief of mission

Ambassador&nbsp;(vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Erin SAWYER (since January 2025)

Email address and website

<br>ReykjavikConsular@state.gov<br><br>https://is.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

Engjateigur 7, 105 Reykjavik

FAX

[354] 562-9118

Mailing address

5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640

Telephone

[354] 595-2200

Chancery

House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW, #509, Washington, DC 20007

Chief of mission

Ambassador Svanhildur H&oacute;lm VALSD&Oacute;TTIR (since 18 September 2024)

Email address and website

<br>washington@mfa.is<br><br>https://www.government.is/diplomatic-missions/embassy-of-iceland-in-washington-d.c/

FAX

[1] (202) 265-6656

Telephone

[1] (202) 265-6653

Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the prime minister

Chief of state

President Halla TOMASDOTTIR (since 1 August 2024)

Election results

<em><br>2024:</em> Halla TOMASDOTTIR elected president; percent of vote - Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 34.1%, Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR (Left-Green Movement) 25.2%, Halla Hrund LOGADOTTIR (independent) 15.7%, Jon GNARR (Social Democratic Alliance) 10.1%, Baldur PORHALLSSON (independent) 8.4%, other 6.5%<em><br><br>2020: </em>Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%

Election/appointment process

president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister

Expected date of next election

June 2028

Head of government

Prime Minister Kristrun FROSTADOTTIR (since 21 December 2024)

Most recent election date

1 June 2024

<strong>description:</strong> blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the cross is shifted to the left in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> red stands for the island's volcanic fires, white for the snow and ice fields, and blue for the ocean

The flag of Iceland has a blue field with a large white-edged red cross that extends to the edges of the field. The vertical part of this cross is offset towards the hoist side.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/is.svg

unitary parliamentary republic

1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark; birthday of Jon SIGURDSSON, leader of Iceland's 19th-century independence movement)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 7 judges)

Judge selection and term of office

judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president for an indefinite period

Subordinate courts

Appellate Court or Landsrettur; 8 district courts; Labor Court

civil law system influenced by the Danish model

Electoral system

proportional representation

Expected date of next election

November 2028

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

Parliament (Althingi)

Most recent election date

11/30/2024

Number of seats

63 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

Social Democratic Alliance (SDA) (15); Independence Party (IP) (14); Liberal Reform Party (11); People’s Party (10); Center Party (8); Progressive Party (PP) (5)

Percentage of women in chamber

46%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

4 years

Iceland’s coat of arms is derived from a 13th-century folktale about four guardians who protect the four corners of the nation; the bull protects the northwest, the eagle the northeast, the dragon the southeast, and the rock-giant the southwest; the shield displays the national flag, with red standing for Iceland’s volcanic fires, white for its snow and ice fields, and blue for the ocean

blue, white, red

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Thingvellir National Park (c); Surtsey (n); Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice (n)

Total World Heritage Sites

3 (1 cultural, 2 natural)

Independence Day, 17 June (1944)

gyrfalcon

Center Party or M <br>Independence Party or D <br>Liberal Reform Party or C<br>People's Party or F<br>Progressive Party or B <br>Social Democratic Alliance or S

Monday

18 years of age; universal

Yes

milk, chicken, lamb/mutton, barley, potatoes, pork, beef, eggs, other meats, cucumbers/gherkins (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Expenditures

$10.364 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$10.023 billion (2023 est.)

code

ISK

name

Icelandic króna (ISK) [kr]

$-866,967,608

Current account balance 2022

-$698.165 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$290.603 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$845.319 million (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

<p>high-income North Atlantic island economy; not an EU member but market integration via European Economic Area (EEA); dominant tourism, fishing, and aluminum industries vulnerable to demand swings and disruption from volcanic activity; inflation remains above target rate; barriers to foreign business access and economic diversification</p>

Currency

Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

135.422 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

126.989 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

135.28 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

137.943 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

137.958 (2024 est.)

$14.12 billion

Exports 2022

$13.114 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$13.702 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$13.916 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

aluminum, fish, orthopedic appliances, animal meal, iron alloys (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Netherlands 27%, Germany 11%, USA 10%, UK 8%, Norway 6% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$2.7 billion

Exports of goods and services

43.4% (2023 est.)

Government consumption

25.3% (2023 est.)

Household consumption

49.3% (2023 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-43.3% (2023 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

24.8% (2023 est.)

Investment in inventories

0.7% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

4% (2024 est.)

Industry

19.4% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

65.5% (2024 est.)

$33.463 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$86,041

26.1 (2017)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018

26.6 (2018 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$33.39 billion

$82,200

26 % of GDP

Highest 10%

21.7% (2018 est.)

Lowest 10%

3.7% (2018 est.)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$14.47 billion

Imports 2022

$13.237 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$13.63 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$14.298 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, cars, carbon-based electronics, aluminum oxide, computers (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Norway 11%, China 9%, Germany 9%, Netherlands 8%, USA 7% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

-2.3% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting; geothermal power, hydropower; medical/pharmaceutical products

5.86%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

8.3% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

8.7% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

5.9% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

248,400 (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

241,522 persons

agriculture

3.61%

industry

18.24%

services

78.15%

8.8% (2017 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

80 % of GDP

Note

<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2023

80.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

$32.57 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$25.012 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$26.424 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$26.561 billion (2024 est.)

-0.97%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

9% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

5.6% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

0.5% (2024 est.)

$84,257

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$65,500 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$67,200 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$65,600 (2024 est.)

$246.08 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

0.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

$6.4 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$5.887 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$5.809 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$6.403 billion (2024 est.)

31 % of GDP

23 % of GDP

23.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

3.63%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

3.8% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

3.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

3.2% (2024 est.)

Female

7% (2024 est.)

Male

8.3% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

7.6% (2024 est.)

Consumption

137,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Exports

81 metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

106,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

19.584 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

50,951 kWh

Installed generating capacity

3.005 million kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

543 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

fossil fuels

0.02%

Geothermal

29.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

70.27%

Hydroelectricity

70.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear

0%

15,686 kg of oil equivalent

Refined petroleum consumption

19,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

82.4%

per 100 inhabitants

37 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

37 (2023 est.)

Total

145,000 (2023 est.)

state-owned public TV broadcaster (RUV) operates 21 TV channels nationally; every household is required to have RUV, which doubles as the emergency broadcast network; 3 privately owned TV stations; 100% of households have multi-channel services though digital and/or fiber-optic connections; RUV operates 3 national and 4 regional radio stations; 1 privately owned radio conglomerate, Syn (4 stations), broadcasts nationwide; over 20 regional radio stations (2019)

.is

Percent of population

100% (2023 est.)

###

+354

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

21 (2023 est.)

Total subscriptions

82,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100

123 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

123 (2022 est.)

Total subscriptions

478,000 (2023 est.)

passengers carried

4.34 million passengers

registered carrier departures

37,800 departures

82 (2025)

TF

Right

1 (2025)

By type

general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 32

Total

39 (2023)

Key ports

Grundartangi, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Vestmannaeyjar

Large

0

Medium

2

Ports with oil terminals

5

Size unknown

22

Small

2

Total ports

43 (2024)

Very small

17

IS

Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland is a NATO commitment, and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)<br><br>Iceland also cooperates with the militaries of other regional countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and the Joint Expeditionary Force (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK); in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end (2025)

no regular military forces; the Icelandic National Police, the regional police forces, and the Icelandic Coast Guard fall under the purview of the Ministry of Justice (2025)

active duty personnel

0

note

<strong>note:</strong> the Icelandic Coast Guard is responsible for operational defense tasks in Iceland including but not limited to operation of Keflavik Air Base, special security zones, and the Icelandic air defense system; it also coordinates with NATO in such areas as air surveillance and military defense exercises

percent of total labor force

0.00 %

current USD

$0

IDPs

3,700 (2024 est.)

Refugees

8,960 (2024 est.)

Stateless persons

31 (2024 est.)

From coal and metallurgical coke

376,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

2.725 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

3.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

water pollution from fertilizer runoff

Global geoparks and regional networks

Katla; Reykjanes (2023)

Total global geoparks and regional networks

2

Party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

5.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

3 % of total land area

30 % of total

170 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

0 % of internal resources

Agricultural

300,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

198 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

80 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

225,300 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

55.5% (2022 est.)