Hungary

Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.

Land

89,608 sq km

Total

93,028 sq km

Water

3,420 sq km

slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana

temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

0 km (landlocked)

Europe

Highest point

Kekes 1,014 m

Lowest point

Tisza River 78 m

Mean elevation

143 m

47 00 N, 20 00 E

landlocked; strategic location on main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula, as well as between Ukraine and the Mediterranean basin; the Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions

1,331 sq km (2022)

Border countries

Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km

number of neighbors

7

Total

2,106 km

Agricultural land

55.7% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)

arable land

45.41%

Forest

22.7% (2023 est.)

Other

20.9% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

1.64%

Yes

Central Europe, northwest of Romania

Fresh water lake(s)

Lake Balaton - 590 sq km

Duna (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km<br><br><strong>note:</strong> [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage

<em>(Black Sea)</em> Danube (795,656 sq km)

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/9gfPupm5bffixiFJ6

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/21335

Europe

none (landlocked)

bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Central Europe

mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border

UTC+01:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943)

15-64 years

63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)

65 years and over

21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)

Beer

3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

10.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

9.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

52.3% (2022 est.)

14.41 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Elderly dependency ratio

33.6 (2024 est.)

Potential support ratio

3 (2024 est.)

Total dependency ratio

56.4 (2024 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

22.8 (2024 est.)

improved total

100%

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

3.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

7.8% national budget (2022 est.)

4 % of GDP

Hungarian 84.3%, Romani 2.1%, German 1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 13.7% (2022 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–10% of Hungary's population

0.78 (2025 est.)

6 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

7.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

6.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Female

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

5 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

2 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)

Major-language sample(s)

<br>A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak.  (Hungarian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Note

<strong>note:</strong> percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one spoken language

number of languages

1

Female

79.3 years

Male

72.9 years

Total population

76 years (2024 est.)

1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)

12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

46.7 years

Male

42.8 years

Total

45.1 years (2025 est.)

28.4 years (2020 est.)

Adjective

Hungarian

Noun

Hungarian(s)

2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

26.4% (2016)

3.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Female

5,043,077

Male

4,812,668

Total

9,855,745 (2024 est.)

-0.29% (2025 est.)

Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)

improved total

91.71%

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Female

16 years (2023 est.)

Male

15 years (2023 est.)

Total

16 years (2023 est.)

0-14 years

1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.69 male(s)/female

At birth

1.06 male(s)/female

Total population

0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Female

23.8% (2025 est.)

Male

33.7% (2025 est.)

Total

28.5% (2025 est.)

1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

72.9% of total population (2023)

measles

99%

19 counties (<em>megyek</em>, singular - <em>megye</em>), 25 cities with county rights (<em>megyei jogu varosok</em>, singular - <em>megyei jogu varos</em>), and 1 capital city (<em>fovaros</em>) <br><br><strong>counties:</strong> Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala <br><br><strong>cities with county rights:</strong> Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg <br><br><strong>capital city:</strong> Budapest

Daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Etymology

Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning "water;" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"

Geographic coordinates

47 30 N, 19 05 E

Name

Budapest

Time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary

Dual citizenship recognized

yes

Residency requirement for naturalization

8 years

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/hu.svg

Amendment process

proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president

History

previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012

alternative spellings

HU

Conventional long form

none

Conventional short form

Hungary

Etymology

the Byzantine Greeks referred to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the "Oungroi," a name that later became "Hungari," which originally meant an "[alliance of] ten tribes;" the Hungarian name Magyarorszag means "Country of the Magyars," which may be derived from the name of the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes

FIFA code

HUN

Former

Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic

Local long form

none

local long form (hun)

Magyarország

Local short form

Magyarorszag

Chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Caroline SAVAGE (since November 2025)

Email address and website

<br>acs.budapest@state.gov<br><br>https://hu.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest

FAX

[36] (1) 475-4248

Mailing address

5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270

Telephone

[36] (1) 475-4400

Chancery

1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.<br>Washington, D.C. 20005

Chief of mission

Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAK&Aacute;CS (since 23 December 2020)

Consulate(s)

Houston, Miami

Consulate(s) general

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Email address and website

<br>info.was@mfa.gov.hu<br><br>https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng

FAX

[1] (202) 966-8135

Telephone

[1] (202) 362-6730

Cabinet

Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president

Chief of state

President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)

Election results

<br><em>2024:</em> Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5<br><br><em>2022: </em>Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51

Election/appointment process

president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

Expected date of next election

<em>president: </em>spring 2029<br><br><em>prime minister: </em>April or May 2027

Head of government

Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)

Most recent election date

<em>president:</em> 26 February 2024<br><br><em>prime minister:</em> 3 April 2022

<strong>description:</strong> three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red can stand for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for pasturelands<br><br><strong>history:</strong> the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of the French flag 

The flag of Hungary is composed of three equal horizontal bands of red, white and green.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/hu.svg

parliamentary republic

16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Highest court(s)

Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)

Judge selection and term of office

Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62

Subordinate courts

5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts

civil system influenced by the German model

Chamber name

National Assembly (Orszaggyules)

Electoral system

mixed system

Expected date of next election

April 2026

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

National Assembly (Országgyülés)

Most recent election date

4/3/2022

Number of seats

199 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19)

Percentage of women in chamber

15.6%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

4 years

red, white, green

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue (c); Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (c); Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (c); Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (c); Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (c); Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (c)

Total World Heritage Sites

8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)

Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083)

note

<strong>note:</strong> commemorates the saint's canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083

Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen)

Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP<br>Democratic Coalition or DK<br>Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd<br>Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz<br>Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP<br>Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik<br>LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP<br>Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM<br>Momentum Movement or Momentum<br>Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik<br>National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ<br>On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján<br>Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk<br>TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA

Monday

18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal

Yes

maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

On alcohol and tobacco

7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

On food

16.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Expenditures

$80.429 billion (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$69.793 billion (2022 est.)

code

HUF

name

Hungarian forint (HUF) [Ft]

$3.52 billion

Current account balance 2022

-$14.699 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$751.071 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$5.074 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

<p>high-income EU and OECD economy; modest recovery from 2024 recession driven by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include high fiscal deficits, frozen access to EU funds, and risks from export reliance; implementing tax exemptions, price controls, and mortgage interest caps ahead of 2026 elections</p>

Currency

forints (HUF) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

307.997 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

303.141 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

372.596 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

353.088 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

365.691 (2024 est.)

$167.91 billion

Exports 2022

$158.98 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$173.034 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$166.503 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Germany 25%, Italy 6%, Romania 6%, USA 5%, Slovakia 4% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$-62,190,710,104

Exports of goods and services

80.8% (2023 est.)

Government consumption

19.9% (2023 est.)

Household consumption

49.1% (2023 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-76.3% (2023 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

25.6% (2023 est.)

Investment in inventories

0.3% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

2.4% (2024 est.)

Industry

23.9% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

59.7% (2024 est.)

$222.905 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$23,292

29.6 (2018)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

30.2 (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$218.3 billion

$20,770

23 % of GDP

Highest 10%

24.4% (2022 est.)

Lowest 10%

2.8% (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$158.39 billion

Imports 2022

$167.262 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$163.192 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$154.077 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Germany 23%, China 7%, Austria 6%, Poland 6%, S. Korea 6% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

-2.5% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

3.7%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

14.6% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

17.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

3.7% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

4.954 million (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

4.93 million persons

agriculture

4.11%

industry

30.53%

services

65.35%

12.1% (2021 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

76 % of GDP

Note

<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2022

75.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

$464.26 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$390.513 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$387.223 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$389.207 billion (2024 est.)

0.56%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

4.3% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

-0.8% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

0.5% (2024 est.)

$48,552

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$40,700 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$40,400 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$40,700 (2024 est.)

$5.48 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

$46.42 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$41.219 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$45.719 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$46.422 billion (2024 est.)

38 % of GDP

23 % of GDP

23.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

4.52%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

3.7% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

4.2% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

4.5% (2024 est.)

Female

13.1% (2024 est.)

Male

14.8% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

14.1% (2024 est.)

Consumption

4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Exports

115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Production

4.293 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

4,605 kWh

Exports

8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Imports

19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

14.829 million kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Biomass and waste

4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

0.62%

Hydroelectricity

0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear

44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

renewable

19.14%

Solar

19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Wind

1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

2,515 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Consumption

8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Imports

8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Production

1.612 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors

1.92GW (2025 est.)

Number of operational nuclear reactors

4 (2025)

Percent of total electricity production

48.8% (2023 est.)

Crude oil estimated reserves

12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Total petroleum production

36,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

15.3%

per 100 inhabitants

37 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

37 (2023 est.)

Total

3.56 million (2023 est.)

mixed system of state-supported media and private broadcasters; the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; large number of special-interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing the services; 4 state-supported radio networks; large number of local stations, including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition completed in 2013 (2019)

.hu

Percent of population

92% (2024 est.)

####

+36

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

28 (2023 est.)

Total subscriptions

2.693 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100

105 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

104 (2022 est.)

Total subscriptions

10.2 million (2023 est.)

passengers carried

55.61 million passengers

registered carrier departures

298,017 departures

109 (2025)

HA

Right

15 (2025)

By type

other 1

Total

1 (2023)

Total

7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified

H

armored vehicles

tanks

the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are responsible for ensuring the defense of the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens, and fulfilling Hungary’s commitments to the EU and NATO, as well as contributing to other international peacekeeping efforts under the UN; key areas of concern for the HDF the HDF is also responsible for some aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and assisting law enforcement forces in border security<br><br>Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)

Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honvédség): the HDF is organized as a joint force under a general staff with commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support forces (2025)

active duty personnel

46,000

note

<strong>note:</strong> the National Police are under the Ministry of Interior and responsible for maintaining order nationwide; the Ministry of Interior also has the Counterterrorism Center, a special police force responsible for protecting the president and the prime minister and for preventing, uncovering, and detecting terrorist acts

percent of total labor force

0.95 %

approximately 30,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 200 Chad; 470 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025)

the HDF has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, NATO-compatible arms from such countries as Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, T&uuml;rkiye, and the US; in 2017, Budapest launched a modernization program aimed at replacing its Soviet-era weaponry with modern systems; Hungary has also placed emphasis on building up its defense industrial capacity (2025)

2 % of GDP

current USD

$4,734,698,456

Military Expenditures 2021

1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military Expenditures 2025

2.1% of GDP (2025 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

4.43 %

percent of GDP

2.16 % of GDP

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005) (2026)

PowerIndex score

1.0429

Refugees

72,359 (2024 est.)

Stateless persons

101 (2024 est.)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note

<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

From coal and metallurgical coke

3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From consumed natural gas

15.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

20.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

40.161 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

air and soil pollution; water pollution from industry and large-scale agriculture

Global geoparks and regional networks

Bakony-Balaton; Bukk Region; Hungary; Novohrad-N&oacute;gr&aacute;d (includes Slovakia) (2024)

Total global geoparks and regional networks

4 (2024)

Party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed, but not ratified

Antarctic-Environmental Protection

14.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

23 % of total land area

19 % of total

104 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

78 % of internal resources

Agricultural

548.613 million cubic meters (2022)

Industrial

3.758 billion cubic meters (2022)

Municipal

660 million cubic meters (2022)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

3.781 million tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

31% (2022 est.)