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Australia
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Key Facts
Climate
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
Coastline
25,760 km
Government type
federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Languages
English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
Natural resources
alumina, coal, iron ore, copper, lithium, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, opals, natural gas, petroleum
Terrain
mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast