2018 Edition

Background

Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to become an important commercial center. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence four years later and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century launched widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was restored in 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control previously held by the Colorado and National (Blanco) parties. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.

Area

land

175,015 sq km

total

176,215 sq km

water

1,200 sq km

Area Comparative

about the size of Virginia and West Virginia combined; slightly smaller than the state of Washington

Climate

warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Coastline

660 km

Elevation

elevation extremes

0 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean

mean elevation

109 m

note

514 highest point: Cerro Catedral

Environment Current Issues

water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; heavy metal pollution; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal; deforestation

Environment International Agreements

party to

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation

Geographic Coordinates

33 00 S, 56 00 W

Geography Note

second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising

Irrigated Land

2,380 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

border countries (2)

Argentina 541 km, Brazil 1050 km

total

1,591 km

Land Use

arable land: 10.1% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.2% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 76.9% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

87.2% (2011 est.)

forest

10.2% (2011 est.)

other

2.6% (2011 est.)

Location

Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil

Map References

South America

Maritime Claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm or the edge of continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural Hazards

seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts

Natural Resources

arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish

Population Distribution

most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban, living in towns or cities; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo

Terrain

mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

Age Structure

0-14 years

19.91% (male 341,402 /female 329,474)

15-24 years

15.56% (male 265,486 /female 258,611)

25-54 years

39.48% (male 658,871 /female 671,172)

55-64 years

10.68% (male 169,385 /female 190,392)

65 years and over

14.38% (male 194,269 /female 290,237) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

13 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children Under The Age Of 5 Years Underweight

4% (2011)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

79.6% (2015)

note

percent of women aged 15-44

Death Rate

9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Demographic Profile

Uruguay rates high for most development indicators and is known for its secularism, liberal social laws, and well-developed social security, health, and educational systems. It is one of the few countries in Latin America and the Caribbean where the entire population has access to clean water. Uruguay's provision of free primary through university education has contributed to the country's high levels of literacy and educational attainment. However, the emigration of human capital has diminished the state's return on its investment in education. Remittances from the roughly 18% of Uruguayans abroad amount to less than 1 percent of national GDP. The emigration of young adults and a low birth rate are causing Uruguay's population to age rapidly.In the 1960s, Uruguayans for the first time emigrated en masse - primarily to Argentina and Brazil - because of economic decline and the onset of more than a decade of military dictatorship. Economic crises in the early 1980s and 2002 also triggered waves of emigration, but since 2002 more than 70% of Uruguayan emigrants have selected the US and Spain as destinations because of better job prospects. Uruguay had a tiny population upon its independence in 1828 and welcomed thousands of predominantly Italian and Spanish immigrants, but the country has not experienced large influxes of new arrivals since the aftermath of World War II. More recent immigrants include Peruvians and Arabs.

Dependency Ratios

elderly dependency ratio

22.5 (2015 est.)

potential support ratio

4.4 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

55.9 (2015 est.)

youth dependency ratio

33.4 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 93.9% of population

total: 99.7% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 6.1% of population

total: 0.3% of population (2015 est.)

Education Expenditures

4.4% of GDP (2011)

Ethnic Groups

white 87.7%, black 4.6%, indigenous 2.4%, other 0.3%, none or unspecified 5% (2011 est.)

note

data represent primary ethnic identity

Health Expenditures

8.6% of GDP (2014)

Hiv Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

0.6% (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids Deaths

<500 (2017 est.)

Hiv Aids People Living With Hiv Aids

13,000 (2017 est.)

Hospital Bed Density

2.8 beds/1,000 population (2014)

Infant Mortality Rate

female

7.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male

9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

total

8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Spanish (official)

Life Expectancy At Birth

female

80.8 years (2018 est.)

male

74.4 years (2018 est.)

total population

77.6 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

definition

age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

female

98.9% (2015 est.)

male

98.1% (2015 est.)

total population

98.5% (2015 est.)

Major Urban Areas Population

1.737 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2018)

Maternal Mortality Rate

15 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median Age

female

36.9 years (2018 est.)

male

33.3 years

total

35.1 years

Nationality

adjective

Uruguayan

noun

Uruguayan(s)

Net Migration Rate

-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

27.9% (2016)

Physicians Density

3.94 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

3,369,299 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

0.27% (2018 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 47.1%, non-Catholic Christians 11.1%, nondenominational 23.2%, Jewish 0.3%, atheist or agnostic 17.2%, other 1.1% (2006 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

improved: urban: 96.6% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 92.6% of population (2015 est.)

total: 96.4% of population (2015 est.)

unimproved: urban: 3.4% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 7.4% of population (2015 est.)

total: 3.6% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

female

17 years (2010)

male

14 years (2010)

total

16 years (2010)

Sex Ratio

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

15-24 years

1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

25-54 years

0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

55-64 years

0.89 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

65 years and over

0.66 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.79 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

female

28.7% (2016 est.)

male

20.2% (2016 est.)

total

23.8% (2016 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

95.3% of total population (2018)

Administrative Divisions

19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres

Capital

geographic coordinates

34 51 S, 56 10 W

name

Montevideo

time difference

UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

yes

citizenship by descent only

yes

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

3-5 years

Constitution

amendments

initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two-fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing "constitutional laws" sanctioned by at least two-thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004 (2018)

history

several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967 (2018)

Country Name

conventional long form

Oriental Republic of Uruguay

conventional short form

Uruguay

etymology

name derives from the Spanish pronunciation of the Guarani Indian designation of the Uruguay River, which makes up the western border of the country and whose name later came to be applied to the entire country

former

Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province

local long form

Republica Oriental del Uruguay

local short form

Uruguay

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

chief of mission

Ambassador Kelly Ann KEIDERLING-FRANZ (since 23 June 2016)

embassy

Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200

FAX

[598] (2) 1770-2128

mailing address

APO AA 34035

telephone

[598] (2) 1770-2000

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

chancery

1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006

chief of mission

Ambassador Carlos Alberto GIANELLI Derois (since 3 August 2015)

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 331-8142

telephone

[1] (202) 331-1313

Executive Branch

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the General Assembly

chief of state

President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2015); Vice President Lucia TOPOLANSKY (since 13 September 2017); note - Vice President Raul Fernando SENDIC Rodriguez (since 1 March 2015) stepped down on 9 September amid accusations of misuse of public funds; the president is both chief of state and head of government

election results

Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president in second round; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ (Socialist Party) 56.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE Pou (Blanco) 43.4%

elections/appointments

president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 26 October 2014 with a runoff election on 30 November 2014 (next to be held on 27 October 2019, and a runoff if needed on 24 November 2019)

head of government

President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2015); Vice President Lucia TOPOLANSKY (since 13 September 2017)

Flag Description

nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face (delineated in black) known as the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy; the stripes represent the nine original departments of Uruguay; the sun symbol evokes the legend of the sun breaking through the clouds on 25 May 1810 as independence was first declared from Spain (Uruguay subsequently won its independence from Brazil); the sun features are said to represent those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun

note

the banner was inspired by the national colors of Argentina and by the design of the US flag

Government Type

presidential republic

Independence

25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

International Law Organization Participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial Branch

highest courts

Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges)

judge selection and term of office

judges nominated by the president and appointed in joint conference of the General Assembly; judges serve 10-year terms, with reelection possible after a lapse of 5 years following the previous term

subordinate courts

Courts of Appeal; District Courts (Juzgados Letrados); Peace Courts (Juzgados de Paz); Rural Courts (Juzgados Rurales)

Legal System

civil law system based on the Spanish civil code

Legislative Branch

description

bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of:Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (31 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; the vice-president serves as the presiding ex-officio member; elected members serve 5-year terms) Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)

election results

Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 49.5%, National Party 31.9%, Colorado Party 13.3%, Independent Party 3.2%, other 2.1%; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 15, National Party 10, Colorado Party 4, Independent Party 1 Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 49.5%, National Party 31.9%, Colorado Party 13.3%, Independent Party 3.2%, AP 1.2%, other 0.9%; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 50, National Party 32, Colorado Party 13, Independent Party 3, AP 1

elections

Chamber of Senators - last held on 26 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019)

National Anthem

lyrics/music

Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/Francisco Jose DEBALI

name

"Himno Nacional" (National Anthem of Uruguay)

note

adopted 1848; the anthem is also known as "Orientales, la Patria o la tumba!" ("Uruguayans, the Fatherland or Death!"); it is the world's longest national anthem in terms of music (105 bars; almost five minutes); generally only the first verse and chorus are sung

National Holiday

Independence Day, 25 August (1825)

National Symbol S

Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol); national colors: blue, white, yellow

Political Parties And Leaders

Broad Front or FA (Frente Amplio) - (a broad governing coalition that includes Uruguay Assembly [Danilo ASTORI], Progressive Alliance [Rodolfo NIN NOVOA], New Space [Rafael MICHELINI], Socialist Party [Monica XAVIER], Vertiente Artiguista [Enrique RUBIO], Christian Democratic Party [Juan Andres ROBALLO], For the People’s Victory [Luis PUIG], Popular Participation Movement (MPP) [Jose MUJICA], Broad Front Commitment [Raul SENDIC], Big House [Constanza MOREIRA], Communist Party [Marcos CARAMBULA], The Federal League [Dario PEREZ]Colorado Party (including Vamos Uruguay (or Let's Go Uruguay) [Pedro BORDABERRY], Open Space [Tabare VIERA], and Open Batllism [Ope PASQUET])Independent Party [Pablo MIERES]National Party or Blanco (including All Forward [Luis LACALLE POU] and National Alliance [Jorge LARRANAGA])Popular Assembly [Gonzalo ABELLA]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Agriculture Products

Cellulose, beef, soybeans, rice, wheat; dairy products; fish; lumber, tobacco, wine

Budget

expenditures

19.72 billion (2017 est.)

revenues

17.66 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

9% (31 December 2012)

8.75% (31 December 2011)

note

Uruguay's central bank uses the benchmark interest rate, rather than the discount rate, to conduct monetary policy; the rates shown here are the benchmark rates

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

13.83% (31 December 2017 est.)

16.17% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current Account Balance

$879 million (2017 est.)

$410 million (2016 est.)

Debt External

$28.37 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$27.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

41.6 (2014)

41.9 (2013)

Economy Overview

Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net.  Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the 2004-08 period. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country avoided a recession and kept growth rates positive, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed markedly in the 2012-16 period as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Reforms in those countries should give Uruguay an economic boost. Growth picked up in 2017.

Exchange Rates

Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar -

28.77 (2017 est.)

30.16 (2016 est.)

30.16 (2015 est.)

27.52 (2014 est.)

23.25 (2013 est.)

Exports

$11.41 billion (2017 est.)

$8.387 billion (2016 est.)

Exports Commodities

beef, soybeans, cellulose, rice, wheat, wood, dairy products, wool

Exports Partners

China 19%, Brazil 16.1%, US 5.7%, Argentina 5.4% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Gdp Composition By End Use

exports of goods and services

21.6% (2017 est.)

government consumption

14.3% (2017 est.)

household consumption

66.8% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services

-18.4% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital

16.7% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories

-1% (2017 est.)

Gdp Composition By Sector Of Origin

agriculture

6.2% (2017 est.)

industry

24.1% (2017 est.)

services

69.7% (2017 est.)

Gdp Official Exchange Rate

$59.18 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Gdp Per Capita Ppp

$22,400 (2017 est.)

$21,900 (2016 est.)

$21,600 (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Purchasing Power Parity

$78.16 billion (2017 est.)

$76.14 billion (2016 est.)

$74.87 billion (2015 est.)

note

data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Real Growth Rate

2.7% (2017 est.)

1.7% (2016 est.)

0.4% (2015 est.)

Gross National Saving

17.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

18.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

18.7% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

highest 10%

30.8% (2014 est.)

lowest 10%

30.8% (2014 est.)

Imports

$8.607 billion (2017 est.)

$8.463 billion (2016 est.)

Imports Commodities

refined oil, crude oil, passenger and other transportation vehicles, vehicle parts, cellular phones

Imports Partners

China 20%, Brazil 19.5%, Argentina 12.6%, US 10.9% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

-3.6% (2017 est.)

Industries

food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

6.2% (2017 est.)

9.6% (2016 est.)

Labor Force

1.748 million (2017 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

agriculture

13%

industry

14%

services

73% (2010 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

$175.4 million (31 December 2012 est.)

$174.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)

$156.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Population Below Poverty Line

9.7% (2015 est.)

Public Debt

65.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

61.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note

data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

$15.96 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$13.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Broad Money

$5.068 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$4.516 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad

$19.97 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$136.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment At Home

$44.84 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$22.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

$20.84 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$19.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Narrow Money

$5.068 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$4.516 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes And Other Revenues

29.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

7.6% (2017 est.)

7.9% (2016 est.)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

7.554 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

40,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Production

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

electrification - rural areas

93.8% (2012)

electrification - total population

99.4% (2012)

electrification - urban areas

99.7% (2012)

population without electricity

20,106 (2012)

Electricity Consumption

10.77 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

1.321 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

29% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

29% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

42% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

24 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

4.808 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

13.13 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

70.79 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

70.79 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

53,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

9,591 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

42,220 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

28 (2017 est.)

total

949,974 (2017 est.)

Broadcast Media

mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2010)

Internet Country Code

.uy

Internet Users

percent of population

66.4% (July 2016 est.)

total

2,225,075 (July 2016 est.)

Telephone System

domestic

most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; nationwide microwave radio relay network; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity over 185 telephones per 100 persons (2016)

general assessment

fully digitalized (2016)

international

country code - 598; the UNISOR submarine cable system provides direct connectivity to Brazil and Argentina; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2016)

Telephones Fixed Lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

34 (2017 est.)

total subscriptions

1,136,977 (2017 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

152 (2017 est.)

total subscriptions

5,097,569 (2017 est.)

Airports

133 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

4 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

4 (2013)

over 3,047 m

1 (2013)

total

11 (2013)

under 914 m

2 (2013)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

3 (2013)

914 to 1,523 m

40 (2013)

total

122 (2013)

under 914 m

79 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

CX (2016)

Merchant Marine

by type

container ship 1, general cargo 6, oil tanker 4, other 45 (2017)

total

56 (2017)

National Air Transport System

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

3 (2015)

number of registered air carriers

2 (2015)

Pipelines

257 km gas, 160 km oil (2013)

Ports And Terminals

major seaport(s)

Montevideo

Railways

standard gauge

1,673 km 1.435-m gauge (2016)

total

1,673 km (operational; government claims overall length is 2,961 km) (2016)

Roadways

paved

7,743 km (2010)

total

77,732 km (2010)

unpaved

69,989 km (2010)

Waterways

1,600 km (2011)

Military Branches

Uruguayan Armed Forces: Uruguayan National Army (Ejercito Nacional Uruguaya, ENU), Uruguayan National Navy (Armada Nacional del Uruguay, includes naval air arm, Naval Rifle Corps (Cuerpo de Fusileros Navales, Fusna), Maritime Prefecture in wartime), Uruguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya, FAU) (2012)

Military Expenditures

1.85% of GDP (2016)

1.82% of GDP (2015)

1.81% of GDP (2014)

1.82% of GDP (2013)

1.8% of GDP (2012)

Military Service Age And Obligation

18-30 years of age (18-22 years of age for navy) for male or female voluntary military service; up to 40 years of age for specialists; enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies; minimum 6-year education (2013)

Disputes International

in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regimeuncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in questionsmuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border

Illicit Drugs

small-scale transit country for drugs mainly bound for Europe, often through sea-borne containers; law enforcement corruption; money laundering because of strict banking secrecy laws; weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption of cocaine base and synthetic drugs

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

refugees (country of origin)

9,186 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum or have received alternative legal stay) (2018)