1986 Edition

Agriculture

large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing; main crops — wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs

Aid

economic commitments — US authorized, including Ex-Im (FY70-84), $78 million; other Western countries, ODA and OOF (1970-83) $151 million; Communist countries (1970-84), $65 million; militaryUS authorized (FY70-84) $39 million

Airfields

93 total, 89 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 14 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Area

176,215 km2; the size of Washington (state); 84% agricultural (73% pasture, 11% crop); 16% forest, urban, waste, and other

Branches

executive, headed by President; bicameral National Congress (Senate and House of Deputies); national judiciary headed by Court of Justice

Army, Navy, Air Force

Budget

(1983 est.) revenues, $709 million; expenditures, $901 million

Capital

Montevideo

Civil air

14 major transport aircraft

Coastline

660 km People

Communists

15,000-18,000

Elections

last November 1984; elections held every five years Political parties and leaders: National (Blanco) Party, Wilson Ferreira; Broad Front Coalition, Liber Seregni; Colorado Party, Julio Sanguinetti, Enrique Tarigo, Jorge Pacheco Areco; Communist Party (legalized in March 1985), Rodney Arismendi; Civic Union, Humberto Ciganda; Radical Christian Union, leader unknown

Electric power

1,350,000 kW capacity (1985); 5.2 billion kWh produced (1985), 1,771 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

88% white, 8% mestizo, 4% black

Exports

$925 million (f.o.b., 1984); wool, hides, meat, textiles, leather products, fish, rice, furs

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GDP

$5.2 billion (1984), $1,800 per capita; 89% consumption, 13% gross investment, —2.0% foreign; real growth rate 1984, -1.8%

Government leaders

Julio M. SANGUINETTI, President (since March 1985); Enrique E. TARIGO, Vice President (since March 1985)

Highways

49,900 km total; 6,700 km paved, 3,000 km gravel, 40,200 km earth

Imports

$732 million (f.o.b., 1984); fuels and lubricants (37%), metals, machinery, transportation equipment, industrial chemicals

Infant mortality rate

32/1,000 (1983)

Inland waterways

1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft

Labor force

about 1.28 million (1981); 19% manufacturing; 19% government; 16% agriculture; 12% commerce; 12% utilities, construction, transport, and communications; 22% other services; unemployment more than 15% (1984 est.)

Land boundaries

1,352 km Water

Language

Spanish

Legal system

based on Spanish civil law system; most recent constitution implemented 1967; legal education at University of the Republic in Montevideo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 67. 1, women 73.7

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm

Literacy

94.3%

Major industries

meat processing, wool and hides, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, fishing, petroleum refining

Major trade partners

exports — 22% LAIA; 21% EC, 8% US, imports— 39% LAIA (13% Brazil, 11% Argentina), 15% EC, 7% US (1981) Uruguay (continued) Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides)

Member of

FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, LAIA, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military manpower

males 15-49, 682,000; 554,000 fit for military service; no conscription 200km 4' a . Espiritu Malakuli Coral Sea PORT-VILA South

Monetary conversion rate

119.6 new pesos=US$l (November 1985)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 August

Nationality

noun — Uruguayan(s); adjective— Uruguayan

Natural resources

soil, hydroelectric power (potential), minor minerals

Official name

Oriental Republic of Uruguay

Organized labor

Interunion Workers' Assembly/National Workers' Confederation (PIT/CNT) Labor Federation Government

Other political or pressure groups

National Liberation Movement (MLN) — Tupamaros, leftist revolutionary terrorist group, granted amnesty in 1985

Political subdivisions

19 departments with limited autonomy

Population

2,947,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0.4%

Ports

1 major (Montevideo), 9 minor

Railroads

3,000 km, all 1.435-meter standard gauge (1.435 m) and government owned

Religion

66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 30% nonprofessing or other

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide radio-relay network 337,000 telephones (11. 3 per lOOpopl.); 100 AM, 36 TV stations; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations Defense Forces

Type

republic

Voting strength

( 1 984 elections) 4 1 % Colorado, 34.9% Blanco, 21.7% Broad Front, 2.4% Civic Union, 0.5% Radical Christian Union