1986 Edition

Agriculture

mainly subsistence except for rubber plantations; main crops- — rice, rubber, corn; food shortages — rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

commercial and food crops — coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and

main products — livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products, feedgrains, oilseeds, tobacco; food shortages— fresh fruits and vegetables

main crops — corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food

main crops — rice, sugar, corn, rubber, manioc; an illegal producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade

Aid

economic commitments — US (FY7084), $714 million; other Western (1970-83), $254 million; military (FY70-82)— US, $1.2 billion; Communist data not available

economic — (received US, $1.8 billion Ex-Im Bank, FY70-81); ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-83), $15.8 billion

Airfields

33 total, 14 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

62 total, 57 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

1,472 total, 1,252 usable; 408 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 31 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 324 with runways 1,2202,439 m Canada (continued) Cape Verde

6 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

181,035 km2; the size of Missouri; 74% forest; 16% cultivated; 10% built on, waste, and other

514,820 km2; about the size of Texas; 56% forest, 24% farm, 20% other

Branches

Cabinet, State Presidium, and some form of People's Representative Assembly in Democratic Cambodia; People's Revolutionary Council, various ministries, and a "National Congress" held in early 1979 and a second held in September 1979 in PRK

CGDK consists of National Army of Democratic Cambodia, Khmer Peoples National Liberation Front, and Sihanoukist National Army; PRK — People's Republic of Cambodia Armed Forces

executive (President), legislative (National Assembly), and judicial (Supreme Court)

Army, Navy, Air Force; paramilitary Gendarmerie

federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament (282 seats) consisting of Queen represented by Governor General, Senate, and House of Commons; judges appointed by Governor General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal

Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Canadian Forces Europe, Training Command

56-member National People's Assembly; the official party is the supreme political organization

People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP); Army, Navy, and Air Force are separate components of FARP

King is head of state with nominal powers; bicameral legislature (National Assembly— Senate appointed by King, elected House of Representatives); judiciary relatively independent except in important political subversive cases

Budget

(1984 est.) revenues $1,777 million, current expenditures $1,696 million

total revenues $58.78 billion; current expenditures $80.50 billion; budget deficit $22.8 billion (1984)

$20.4 million public revenue, $26.7 million current expenditures (1984)

(FY84) estimate of expenditures, $7.6 billion; revenues $6.2 billion; deficit $1.4 billion

Capital

Phnom Penh

Yaounde

Ottawa

Praia

Bangkok

Civil air

6 major transport aircraft

636 major transport aircraft

2 major transport aircraft

Coastline

about 443 km People

402 km People

58,808 km coastline, 243,791 km including all islands People

965 km People

about 160 km People

3,219 km People

Communisms

approx. 2,000

Communists

no Communist party or significant number of sympathizers

a few Communists and some sympathizers

strength of illegal Communist Party is probably less than 1,000; Communist insurgents throughout Thailand total an estimated 1,000

Crude steel

14.7 million metric tons produced (1984)

Elections

parliamentary elections held May 1983; presidential elections held January Political parties and leaders: Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (known as the Cameroon People's National Union during 1966-85), Paul Biya, president

legal limit of five years but in practice usually held within four years; last election September 1984; 75% voter turnout Political parties and leaders: Liberal, John Turner; Progressive Conservative, Brian Mulroney; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent

National Assembly election held December 1985, the second since independence Political parties and leaders: only legal party, African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), led by Aristides Pereira, secretary general; PAICV established in January 1981 to replace the former ruling party in both Cape Verde and GuineaBissau, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), in protest of the November 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau

last held April 19s3

Electric power

123,500 kW capacity (1985); 141 million kWh produced (1985), 23 kWh per capita

586,600 kW capacity (1985); 2.241 billion kWh produced (1985), 229 kWh per capita

95,600,000 kW capacity (1985); 437.885 billion kWh produced (1985), 17,240 kWh per capita

14,174 kW capacity (1985); 16 million kWh produced (1985); 50 kWh per capita

5,826,000 kW capacity (1985); 20.7 billion kWh produced (1985), 393 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

90% Khmer (Cambodian), 5% Chinese, 5% other minorities

over 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31 % Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 11% Kirdi, 10% Fulani, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 13% other African, less than 1% nonAfrican

45% British Isles origin, 29% French origin, 23% other European, 1.5% indigenous Indian and Eskimo

about 71% Creole (mulatto), 28% African, 1% European

40% mixed, 20% white, 20% black, 20% expatriates of various ethnic groups

75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 11% other

Exports

probably less than $10 million (1983 est.); natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood

$855.2 million (f.o.b., 1984); crude oil, cocoa, coffee, timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, tea, mineral products, food, alcohol, metal and metal products, textiles, wood products

$86.244 billion (f.o.b., 1984); principal items — transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter

$1.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); fish, bananas, salt, flour

$7.4 billion (f.o.b., 1984); rice, sugar, corn, rubber, tin, tapioca, textiles and garments, integrated circuits, canned seafood, fruit

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

1 July-30 June Communications

1 April-31 March Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

23,000 metric tons (1982/83)

catch 1.34 million metric tons (1983)

catch 13,205 metric tons (1983); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings

catch 2.2 million metric tons (1984); major fishery export, shrimp, 19,428 metric tons, about $117 million (1984)

GNP

$334. 1 billion (1984), $12,940 per capita (1984); 61.4% consumption, 19.7% investment, 17.2% government, 0.8% net foreign trade; 0.4% change in inventories; real growth rate 4.7% (1984-85)

$106 million (1982 prov.); $350 per capita GNP (1982); 0% growth rate (1978) Cayman Islands

$52.4 billion (1984), $1,030 per capita; 5.4% real growth in 1984

Government leader

Paul BIYA, President (since November 1982)

Government leaders

CGDK — Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, President (since July 1982); SON SANN, Prime Minister (since July 1982); KHIEU SAMPHAN, Vice President (since July 1982); PRK— HENG SAMRIN, President (since January 1979); HUN SEN, Foreign Minister (since January 1979)

Brian MULRONEY, Prime Minister (since September 1984); Jeanne SAUVE, Governor General (since May 1984)

Aristides PEREIRA, President (since July 1975); Pedro PIRES, Prime Minister (since July 1975)

BHUMIBOL ADULYADEJ, King (since June 1946); Gen. (Ret.) PREM TINSULANONDA, Prime Minister (since March 1980)

Highways

13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous, 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair

approximately 65,000 km total, including 2,682 km bituminous, 30,000 km unimproved earth, 32,318 km gravel, earth, and improved earth

884,272 km total; 712,936 km surfaced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth

Imports

probably less than $30 million (1983); international food aid; Soviet bloc economic development aid (post1979)

$1.101 billion (f.o.b., 1984); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food, beverages, electrical equipment, chemical products

$70.346 billion (f.o.b., 1984); principal items — transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables

$68.1 million (c.i.f., 1983); petroleum products, corn, rice, machinery, textiles

$10.37 billion (c.i.f., 1984); machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, base metals, chemicals, and fertilizer

In/ant mortality rate

113/1,000(1985)

Infant mortality rate

9.1/1,000 (1982)

60/1,000(1983)

51. 4/1,000(1985)

Inland waterways

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters Cameroon

2,090 km; of decreasing importance

3,000 km

Labor force

(1983) 74.4% agriculture, 11.4% industry and transport, 9.7% other services

12.6 million (1985 average); 68% services (37% government, 23% trade and finance, 8% transportation), 18% manufacturing, 6% construction, 3.8% agriculture, 5% other; 10.6% unemployment (1985 average); 10.2% unemployment (November 1985)

bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture Government

8,061; 18.7% service workers, 18.6% clerical, 12.5% construction, 6.7%

26 million (1984); 73% agriculture, 11% industry and commerce, 10% services, 6% government; 1.5% unemployment rate Government

Land boundaries

2,438 km Water

4,554 km Water

9,010 km Water

4,868 km Water

Language

Khmer (official), French

English and French (official), 24 major African language groups

English and French (official)

Portuguese and Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words

English

Thai; English is the secondary language of the elite; ethnic and regional dialects

Legal system

Judicial Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly in Democratic Cambodia; no information for PRK

based on French civiHaw system, with common law influence; unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review by Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution as of 1982 (formerly British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on constitution

based on civil law system, with influences of common law; legal education at Thammasat University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 42, women 44.9

47

men 71.9, women 79

61

men 59.5, women 65. 1

Limits of territorial waters

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone); maritime limits measured from claimed "archipelagic baselines" that generally connect the outermost points of outer islands or drying reefs

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

50 nm

12 nm (fishing 200 nm)

3 nm

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Literacy

48% Government

65%

99%

37%

97.5%

84%

Major industries

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products

crude oil production, small aluminum plant, food processing, light consumer goods industries; sawmills

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas

salt mining

agricultural processing, textiles, wood and wood products, cement, tin and tungsten ore mining; world's second largest tungsten producer and third largest tin producer

Major trade partners

most trade with France, other EC countries, and the US

imports — 71.5% US, 5.9% Japan, 2.4% UK; exports— 75.6% US, 5.1% Japan, 2.2% UK, 1.9% USSR (1984)

Portugal, UK, Japan, African neighbors

exports — US, Japan, Singapore, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Malaysia; imports — Japan, US, FRG, UK, Singapore, Saudi Arabia; about 1% or less trade with Communist countries

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, UN, UNE SCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO for CGDK; none for PRK Economy

AfBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WI PO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP. $7.3 billion (1983-84), about $800 per capita; average annual growth rate, 6.5% (1984); average inflation rate, 15% (1984)

ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, FAQ, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDE— InterAmerican Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, PAHO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, ASPAC, Association of Tin Producing Countries, Colombo Plan, GATT, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $130 million; 9.1% of central government budget Land 9,970,610 km2; slightly larger than the US; 44% forest; 42% waste or urban; 8% inland water; 4% cultivated; 2% meadow and pasture

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1985, $6.6 billion; about 10.0% of central government budget into Antio Sio Vicente •Si. *+ Nicoltu Bo» vi North Atlantic Ocean Mh9s do Sotavento SioTitgo See refional mip VII Land 4,040 km2, divided among 10 islands and several islets; slightly larger than Rhode Island Water

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $15 million; about 5% of central government budget Caribbean Sea Cayman Little** Cayman <7 Grand Cayman GEORGE TOWN Caribbean Sea Land 260 km2; about one-third the size of New York City; consists of three low-lying islands formed of calcareous rock, with maximum elevations of 12 m (Little Cayman), 18m (Grand Cayman), and 42.7 m (Cayman Brae); about two-thirds of land consists of mangrove swamps Water

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,749,000; 939,000 fit for military service; about 82,000 reach military age (18) annually B2i""a ^YAOUNDE Sangmelima Gull of Guinea Stt regional map VII Land 475,439 km2; somewhat larger than California; 50% forest; 18% meadow; 13% fallow; 4% cultivated; 15% other

males 15-49, 2,223,000; 1,119,000 fit for military service; about 92,000 reach military age ( 1 8) annually

males 15-49, 6,961,000; 6,072,000 fit for military service; 199,000 reach military age (17) annually

males 15-49, 87,000; 50,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

4 riels=US$l (1984)

417.4 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l (October 1983)

1.402 C$=US$1 (2 January 1986)

89.27 escudos=US$l (November 1984)

27 baht=US$l (January 1986)

National holiday

17 April for both regimes

National Day, 20 May

Canada Day, 1 July

Independence Day, 5 July

King's Birthday, '5 December

Nationality

noun — Cambodian(s); adjective— Cambodian

noun — Cameroonian(s); adjective— Cameroonian

noun — Canadian(s); adjective — Canadian

noun — Cape Verdean(s); adjective— Cape Verdean

noun — Caymanian(s); adjective— Caymanian

noun — Thai (sing, and pi.); adjective— Thai

Natural resources

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydroelectric power (potential)

oil, natural gas, bauxite, iron ore, timber

nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, forests, wildlife

salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin

tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, timber, fisheries products

Official name

Coalition Government of Democratic Cambodia (CGDK; composed of three resistance groups deployed along the Thai border); People's Republic of Cambodia (PRK; pro-Vietnamese, in Phnom Penh)

Republic of Cameroon

Canada

Republic of Cape Verde

Kingdom of Thailand

Organized labor

under 45% of wage labor force Government

30.6% of labor force; 39.6% of nonagricultural paid workers Government

Other political or pressure groups

Cameroon People's Union (UPC), remains an illegal group with its factional leaders in exile Cameroon (continued) Canada

Pipelines

oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,980 km

Political parties

Social Action Party, Thai Nation Party, Thai People's Party, Thai Citizen Party, Democrat Party, Freedom and Justice Party, Nation and People Party, New Force Party, National Democracy Party; other small parties represented in parliament

Political subdivisions

19 provinces

10 provinces divided into departments, arrondissements, districts

10 provinces and 2 territories

14 administrative districts

72 centrally controlled provinces

Population

6,388,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.2%

10,009,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.8%

25,644,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 1.0%

318,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 1.9%

22,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.8%

52,438,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 1.7%

Ports

2 major, 5 minor

1 major (Douala), 3 minor

25 deep water, numerous minor

2 major (Mindelo and Praia), 2 minor

Railroads

612 km 1 .000-meter gauge; government owned

1,173 km total; 858 km 1.000meter gauge, 1 45 km 0.600-meter gauge

81,607 km total; 80,258 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 129 km electrified; 1,171 km 1.067-meter gauge (in Newfoundland); 178 km 0.914-meter gauge

Religion

95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% other

51% indigenous beliefs, 33% Christian, 16% Muslim

46% Roman Catholic, 16% United Church, 10% Anglican

Catholicism fused with local superstitions

United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Church of God, and other Protestant denominations

95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% other

Shortages

fossil fuels

rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instruments

fuel sources, including coal and petroleum; scrap iron; and fertilizer

Suffrage

universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: CGDK — an umbrella organization for three resistance groups including Democratic Kampuchea under Son Sen, Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under Son Sann, and National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia under Prince Norodom Sihanouk; PRK — Cambodian Peoples Revolutionary Party, the Communist party installed by Vietnam in 1979, and Cambodian United Front for National Construction and Defense (KUFNCD)

universal over age 21

universal over age 18

universal over age 15

universal at age 20

Telecommunications

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; radiobroadcasts limited to 1 station; 1 TV station Defense Forces

good system of open wire and radio relay; 47,200 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 1 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; planned TV network Defense Forces

excellent service provided by modern telecom media; 16.6 million telephones (66.4 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage, including 900 AM, 80 FM, 1,1007V stations; 6 coaxial submarine cables; 3 satellite stations with a total of 5 antennas and 100 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces

interisland radiorelay system, high frequency radio to mainland Portugal and Guinea-Bissau, about 1,740 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 2 FM 2 AM, stations; 1 small TV station; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

Trade partners

Vietnam and USSR

Type

CGDK is nationalist coalition of one Communist and two non-Communist factions; PRK is Communist

unitary republic; oneparty presidential regime

federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign

republic

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(1984 election) Progressive Conservative, 50%; Liberal, 28%; New Democratic Party, 19%; parliamentary seats as of December 1984 — Progressive Conservative (211), Liberal (40), New Democratic Party (30), independent (1)