1988 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1988 (Internet Archive)
Communications
Airfields
4,400 total; 470 with runways 2,500 m or longer
Branches
Ground Forces, Navy, Air Defense Forces, Air Forces, Strategic Rocket Forces
Civil air
4,500 major transport aircraft
Freight carried
rail — 3,958 million metric tons, 3.72 trillion metric tons/km (1985); highways — 25.5 billion metric tons, 477 billion metric tons/km (1985); waterway — 632 million metric tons, 261.6 billion metric tons/km, excluding Caspian Sea (1984)
Highways
1,516,700 km total; 439,000 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 354,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 723,700 km earth (1984)
Inland waterways
136,700 km navigable, exclusive of Caspian Sea (1984)
Military manpower
males 15-49, 69,563,000; 55,293,000 fit for military service; 2,197,000 reach military age (17) annually 300kcn Bay of Biscay North Atlantic Ocean Strait of
Pipelines
78,300 km crude oil and refined products; 165,000 km natural gas (1984)
Ports
53 major (most important — Leningrad, Riga, Tallinn, Kaliningrad, LiepSja, Ventspils, Murmansk, Arkhangel'sk, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Il'ichevsk, Nikolayev, Sevastopol', Vladivostok, Nakhodka), 180 minor; 58 major inland ports (most important — Astrakhan', Baku, Gor'kiy, Kazan', Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuybyshev, Moscow, Rostov, Volgograd, Kiev)
Railroads
144,800 km total; 142,967 km 1.524-meter broad gauge; 1,833 km mostly 0.750-meter narrow gauge; 113,315 km broad-gauge single track; 47,900 km electrified; does not include industrial lines (1984)
Telecommunications
extensive network of AM-FM stations broadcasting both Moscow and regional programs; main TV centers in Moscow and Leningrad plus 11 more in the Soviet republics; hundreds of TV stations; 85,000,000 TV sets; 162,000,000 receiver sets; many satellite ground stations and extensive satellite networks Defense Forces