2021 Edition

Background

Settlers from Papua arrived on Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to Solomon Islands and the two groups mixed extensively. Despite significant inter-island trade, no attempts were made to unite the islands into a single political entity. In 1568, Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA became the first European to spot the islands. After a failed Spanish attempt at creating a permanent European settlement on the islands in the late 1500s, Solomon Islands remained free of European contact until 1767 when British explorer Philip CARTERET sailed by the islands. The islands were regularly visited by European explorers and American and British whaling ships into the 1800s, followed by missionaries in the 1850s.Germany declared a protectorate over the northern Solomon Islands in 1885 and the UK established a protectorate over the southern islands in 1893. In 1899, Germany transferred its Solomon Islands to the UK in exchange for the UK relinquishing all claims in Samoa. The UK tried to encourage plantation farming but few Europeans were willing to go to Solomon Islands and the UK left most services - such as education and medical services - to missionaries. In 1942, Japan invaded Solomon Islands and significant battles against Allied forces during the Guadalcanal Campaign proved a turning point in the Pacific war. World War II destroyed large parts of Solomon Islands and a nationalism movement emerged near the end of the war. By 1960, the British relented to allow for some local autonomy. The islands were granted self-government in 1976 and independence two years later under Prime Minister Sir Peter KENILOREA.In 1999, longstanding ethnic tensions between ethnic Guale in Honiara and ethnic Malaitans in Honiara’s suburbs erupted in civil war, leading thousands of Malaitans to take refuge in Honiara and Guale to flee the city. In 2000, newly-elected Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE focused on peace agreements and distributing resources equally among groups, but his actions bankrupted the government in 2001 and led to SOGAVARE’s ouster. In 2003, Solomon Islands requested international assistance to reestablish law and order. The Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), which ended in 2017, was generally effective in improving the security situation. In 2006, riots broke out in Honiara and the city’s Chinatown burned over allegations that the prime minister took money from China. SOGAVARE was reelected prime minister for a fourth time following elections in 2019 and that same year announced Solomon Islands would switch diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China.

Area

land

27,986 sq km

total

28,896 sq km

water

910 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate

tropical monsoon; few temperature and weather extremes

Coastline

5,313 km

Elevation

highest point

Mount Popomanaseu 2,335 m

lowest point

Pacific Ocean 0 m

Geographic coordinates

8 00 S, 159 00 E

Geography - note

strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea

Irrigated land

0 sq km NA (2012)

Land boundaries

total

0 km

Land use

agricultural land

3.9% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 0.3% (2018 est.)

forest

78.9% (2018 est.)

other

17.2% (2018 est.)

Location

Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea

Map references

Oceania

Maritime claims

continental shelf

200 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

note

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

tropical cyclones, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamisvolcanism: Tinakula (851 m) has frequent eruption activity, while an eruption of Savo (485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal

Natural resources

fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel

Population distribution

most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these some two-thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port

Terrain

mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls

Age structure

0-14 years

32.99% (male 116,397/female 109,604)

15-24 years

19.82% (male 69,914/female 65,874)

25-54 years

37.64% (male 131,201/female 126,681)

55-64 years

5.04% (male 17,844/female 16,704)

65 years and over

4.51% (male 14,461/female 16,417) (2020 est.)

Birth rate

23.07 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

16.2% (2015)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

29.3% (2015)

Current Health Expenditure

4.5% (2018)

Death rate

3.97 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

6.5

potential support ratio

15.3 (2020 est.)

total dependency ratio

77.6

youth dependency ratio

71.1

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: 67.1% of population

improved: total

total: 73.6% of population

improved: urban

urban: 95% of population

unimproved: rural

rural: 32.9% of population

unimproved: total

total: 26.4% of population (2017 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 5% of population

Education expenditures

10.1% of GDP (2015)

Ethnic groups

Melanesian 95.3%, Polynesian 3.1%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 0.3% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Hospital bed density

1.4 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate

female

16.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

male

24.49 deaths/1,000 live births

total

20.52 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Melanesian pidgin (in much of the country is lingua franca), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages

Life expectancy at birth

female

79.25 years (2021 est.)

male

73.78 years

total population

76.45 years

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk

high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases

malaria

Major urban areas - population

82,000 HONIARA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

104 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median age

female

23.7 years (2020 est.)

male

23.2 years

total

23.5 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

22.6 years (2015 est.)

note

note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Nationality

adjective

Solomon Islander

noun

Solomon Islander(s)

Net migration rate

-1.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.5% (2016)

Physicians density

0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Population

690,598 (July 2021 est.)

Population distribution

most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these some two-thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port

Population growth rate

1.75% (2021 est.)

Religions

Protestant 73.4% (Church of Melanesia 31.9%, South Sea Evangelical 17.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.7%, United Church 10.1%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.5%), Roman Catholic 19.6%, other Christian 2.9%, other 4%, unspecified 0.1% (2009 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: 22% of population

improved: total

total: 39.1% of population

improved: urban

urban: 95.6% of population

unimproved: rural

rural: 78% of population

unimproved: total

total: 60.9% of population (2017 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 4.4% of population

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.04 male(s)/female

55-64 years

1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.88 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

1.04 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.92 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

female

1.6% (2013)

male

1%

total

1.3%

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

25.1% of total population (2021)

Administrative divisions

9 provinces and 1 city*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira and Ulawa, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western

Capital

etymology

the name derives from "nagho ni ara," which in one of the Guadalcanal languages roughly translates as "facing the eastern wind"

geographic coordinates

9 26 S, 159 57 E

name

Honiara

time difference

UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of the Solomon Islands

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

7 years

Constitution

amendments

proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2018; note - a new constitution was drafted in mid-2009 and the latest version drafted in 2013

history

adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978; note - in late 2017, provincial leaders agreed to adopt a new federal constitution, with passage expected in 2018, but it has been postponed indefinitely

Country name

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

Solomon Islands

etymology

Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA named the isles in 1568 after the wealthy biblical King SOLOMON in the mistaken belief that the islands contained great riches

former

British Solomon Islands

local long form

none

local short form

Solomon Islands

Diplomatic representation from the US

embassy

the US does not have an embassy in the Solomon Islands; the US Ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

685 Third Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10017

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Janice Mose KEMAKEZA

email address and website

simun@solomons.com

FAX

[1] (212) 661-8925

telephone

[1] (212) 599-6192; [1] (212) 599-6193

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

chief of state

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David VUNAGI (since 8 July 2019)

election results

Manasseh SOGAVARE (independent) defeated in no-confidence vote on 6 November 2017; Rick HOU elected prime minister on 15 November 2017

elections/appointments

the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Parliament for up to 5 years (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the National Parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among members of the National Parliament

head of government

Prime Minister Rick HOU (since 16 November 2017)

Flag description

divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green; blue represents the ocean, green the land, and yellow sunshine; the five stars stand for the five main island groups of the Solomon Islands

Government type

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

7 July 1978 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, EITI (candidate country), ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest courts

Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and ex officio members including the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges, as prescribed by the National Parliament)

judge selection and term of office

Court of Appeal and High Court president, chief justices, and puisne judges appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, chaired by the chief justice and includes 5 members, mostly judicial officials and legal professionals; all judges serve until retirement at age 60

subordinate courts

Magistrates' Courts; Customary Land Appeal Court; local courts

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law

Legislative branch

description

unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, other 20.8%, independent 56.3%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2%

elections

last held on 3 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)

National anthem

lyrics/music

Panapasa BALEKANA and Matila BALEKANA/Panapasa BALEKANA

name

God Save Our Solomon Islands

note

note: adopted 1978

National holiday

Independence Day, 7 July (1978)

National symbol(s)

national colors: blue, yellow, green, white

Political parties and leaders

Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Steve ABANA]Kadere Party of Solomon Islands or KPSI [Peter BOYERS]People's Alliance Party or PAP [Nathaniel WAENA]Solomon Islands People First Party or SIPFP [Dr. Jimmie RODGERS]Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Manasseh MAELANGA]United Democratic Party or UDP [Sir Thomas Ko CHAN]

note

note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions

Suffrage

21 years of age; universal

Agricultural products

oil palm fruit, sweet potatoes, coconuts, taro, yams, fruit, pulses nes, vegetables, cocoa, cassava

Budget

expenditures

570.5 million (2017 est.)

revenues

532.5 million (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Credit ratings

Moody's rating

B3 (2015)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2016

-$49 million (2016 est.)

Current account balance 2017

-$54 million (2017 est.)

Debt - external

Debt - external 31 December 2016

$643 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Debt - external 31 December 2017

$757 million (31 December 2017 est.)

Economic overview

The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of its livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closure of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI's efforts, which concluded in Jun 2017, to restore law and order and economic stability have led to modest growth as the economy rebuilds.

Exchange rates

currency

Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2013

7.3754 (2013 est.)

Exchange rates 2014

7.9147 (2014 est.)

Exchange rates 2018

8.01282 (2018 est.)

Exchange rates 2019

8.10373 (2019 est.)

Exchange rates 2020

8.06126 (2020 est.)

Exports

Exports 2018

$680 million note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)

Exports 2019

$590 million note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)

Exports 2020

$430 million note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)

Exports - commodities

lumber, fish, aluminum, palm oil, cocoa beans (2019)

Exports - partners

China 65%, Italy 9%, India 6% (2019)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

25.8% (2011 est.)

government consumption

NA

household consumption

NA

imports of goods and services

-49.6% (2011 est.)

investment in fixed capital

NA

investment in inventories

NA

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

34.3% (2017 est.)

industry

7.6% (2017 est.)

services

58.1% (2017 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.298 billion (2017 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013

37.1 (2013 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

NA

lowest 10%

NA

Imports

Imports 2018

$750 million note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)

Imports 2019

$750 million note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)

Imports 2020

$560 million note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, fish, insulated wiring, broadcasting equipment, excavation machinery (2019)

Imports - partners

China 24%, Australia 13%, South Korea 12%, Singapore 12%, Malaysia 10% (2019)

Industrial production growth rate

3.6% (2017 est.)

Industries

fish (tuna), mining, timber

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016

0.5% (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017

0.5% (2017 est.)

Labor force

202,500 (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture

75%

industry

5%

services

20% (2000 est.)

Population below poverty line

12.7% (2012 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2016

7.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Public debt 2017

9.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018

$1.76 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019

$1.78 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020

$1.71 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2015

2.5% (2015 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2016

3.5% (2016 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2017

3.5% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2018

$2,700 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2019

$2,700 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2020

$2,500 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016

$421 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017

$0 (31 December 2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

41% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

female

1.6% (2013)

male

1%

total

1.3%

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption

95.79 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

92% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

8% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

38,000 kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production

103 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - rural areas

63.5% (2018)

electrification - total population

66.7% (2018)

electrification - urban areas

76.7% (2018)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

1,600 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

1,577 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

less than 1 (2019 est.)

total

1,045 (2019)

Broadcast media

Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) does not broadcast television; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; there are 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (since 2009) (2019)

Internet country code

.sb

Internet users

percent of population

11.92% (2019 est.)

total

198,900 (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems

domestic

fixed-line is 1 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular telephone density is about 71 per 100 persons; domestic cable system to extend to key major islands (2019)

general assessment

Internet penetration has reached 20%; 3G and 4G LTE mobile network expansions, investment in mobile services in the region; otherwise 3G and satellite services for communication and Internet access; increase in broadband subscriptions; the launch of the Kacific-1 satellite in 2019 and the Coral Sea Cable System have vastly improved the telecom sector (2020)

international

country code - 677; landing points for the CSCS and ICNS2 submarine cables providing connectivity from Solomon Islands, to PNG, Vanuatu and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)

note

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

1.06 (2019 est.)

total subscriptions

7,104 (2019)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

71.38 (2019 est.)

total subscriptions

478,116 (2019)

Airports

total

36 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

1 (2019)

total

1

Airports - with unpaved runways

1,524 to 2,437 m

1

914 to 1,523 m

10

total

35

under 914 m

24 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

H4

Heliports

3 (2013)

Merchant marine

by type

general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 15 (2021)

total

24

National air transport system

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

3.84 million mt-km (2018)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

427,806 (2018)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

6

number of registered air carriers

1 (2020)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s)

Honiara, Malloco Bay, Viru Harbor, Tulagi

Roadways

note

note: includes 920 km of private plantation roads

paved

34 km (2011)

total

1,390 km (2011)

unpaved

1,356 km (2011)

Military - note

Australia and New Zealand provide material and training assistance to the police

Military and security forces

no regular military forces; the Royal Solomon Islands Police is responsible for internal and external security and reports to the Ministry of Police, National Security, and Correctional Services

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the maritime branch of the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force operates patrol boats provided by Australia (2021)

Disputes - international

since 2003, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, has assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security

Air pollutants

carbon dioxide emissions

0.17 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions

0.43 megatons (2020 est.)

particulate matter emissions

10.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

Climate

tropical monsoon; few temperature and weather extremes

Environment - current issues

deforestation; soil erosion; many of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying; effects of climate change and rising sea levels

Environment - international agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban

Land use

agricultural land

3.9% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 0.3% (2018 est.)

forest

78.9% (2018 est.)

other

17.2% (2018 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk

high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases

malaria

Revenue from coal

coal revenues

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from forest resources

forest revenues

20.27% of GDP (2018 est.)

Total renewable water resources

44.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

25.1% of total population (2021)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

179,972 tons (2013 est.)