1985 Edition

Agriculture

diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops — corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occasionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds

Airfields

140 total, 137 usable; 48 with permanent-surface runways, 23 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Branches

bicameral legislature (Federal Assembly—Federal Chamber, Chamber of Republics and Provinces) constitutionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective, rotating policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Veselin Djurahovic presides as President of the Republic until May 1985, when he will be replaced by the representative from the Province of Vojvodina, Radovan Vlajkovic

Yugoslav People's Army — Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard; Territorial Defense Force; Civil Defense; People's Militia (police)

President elected originally in 1970 for seven-year term; Marshal Mobutu reelected July 1984; limits on reelection removed by new constitution; unicameral legislature (310-member National Legislative Council elected for five-year term); the official party is the supreme political institution

Capital

Belgrade

Kinshasa

Coastline

37 km People

Communists

2.1 million party members (June 1982)

no Communist party

Crude steel

4.2 million metric tons produced (1983), 183 kg per capita

Elections

Federal Assembly elected every four years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are 23 members of party Presidium, selected proportionally from republics, provinces, and Yugoslav People's Army, with the President rotating on an annual basis and the Secretary rotating every two years; current president is Ali %14Sukrija from Kosovo (until June 1985)

elections for rural collectivities' urban zone councils, and the Legislative Council of the Popular Movement of the Revolution were held JuneSeptember 1982; presidential referendum/election held July 1984; presidential election/referendum scheduled for 1991 Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR), only legal party

Electric power

17,115,000 kW capacity (1984); 68.412 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,980 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes — Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population

Exports

$9.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 52% raw materials and semimanufactures, 31% consumer goods, 17% equipment

Fiscal year

calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) Communications

Fishing

catch 66,841 metric tons (1982)

Freight carried

rail — 88.9 million metric tons, 25.7 billion metric ton/km (1981); highway— 189.1 million metric tons, 19.6 billion metric ton/km (1981); waterway — 22.7 million metric tons, 4.2 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic)

GNP

$122.3 billion (1983 est., at 1983 prices), $5,364 per capita; real growth rate -1.9% (1983)

Government leader

Milka PLANING, President of the Federal Executive Council (since 1982)

Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko, President (since 1965); KENGO Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner (prime minister; since November 1982)

Highways

116,300 km total; 59,500 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 37,300 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 19,500 km earth (1983)

Imports

$12.2 billion (c.i.f., 1983); 79% raw materials and semimanufactures, 15% equipment, 6% consumer goods

Inland waterways

2,600 km (1982)

Labor force

about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure Government

Land boundaries

9,902 km Water

Language

French (official), English, Lingala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, and Tshiluba

Legal system

mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; new constitution promulgated February 1978; legal education at National University of Zaire; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm

Literacy

40% males, 15% females

Major industries

metallurgy, machinery and equipment, oil refining, chemicals, textiles, wood processing, food processing

Major trade partners

58% non-Communist countries; 42% Communist countries, of which 26% USSR (1983)

Member of

ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OECD (participant in some activities), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 246.6 billion dinars; about 4.1% of national income Bounds' not necessa'ily aulhonta Land 2,345,409 km2; one-fourth the size of the US; 45% forest, 22% agricultural (2% cultivated or pasture), 33% other

Military manpower

males 15-49, 6,016,000; 4,856,000 fit for military service; 184,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

188.32 dinars=US$l (November 1984)

National holiday

Proclamation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 29 November

Independence Day, 30 June; Anniversary of the Regime, 24 November

Nationality

noun — Zairian(s); adjective — Zairian

Official name

Republic of Zaire

Other political or pressure groups

Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR)

Pipelines

1,373 km crude oil; 2,760 km natural gas; 150 km refined products

Political subdivisions

six republics with two autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia)

eight regions and federal district of Kinshasa

Population

32,985,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.9%

Ports

9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor; principal inland water port is Belgrade Yugoslavia (continued) Zaire

Railroads

9,393 km total; 9,393 km 1.435meter standard gauge; 891 km double track; 3,320 km electrified (1983)

Religion

50% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 10% Kimbanguist, 10% Muslim, 10% other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs

Ships

7 submarines, 2 principal surface combatants, 76 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 40 amphibious warfare craft, 31 mine warfare craft, 2 fleet support ships, 9 other auxiliaries

Shortages

electricity, fuels

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal and compulsory over age

Telecommunications

4.6 million radios, 1.9 million telephones (1979) Defense Forces

Type

Communist state, federal republic in form

republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system

Voting strength

Mobutu polled 99.6% of vote in the 1984 election