2012 Edition

Background

The French colonies of Senegal and the French Sudan were merged in 1959 and granted their independence as the Mali Federation in 1960. The union broke up after only a few months. Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. The Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC) has led a low-level separatist insurgency in southern Senegal since the 1980s, and several peace deals have failed to resolve the conflict. Nevertheless, Senegal remains one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. Senegal was ruled by a Socialist Party for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000. He was reelected in 2007 and during his two terms amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and to weaken the opposition. His decision to run for a third presidential term sparked a large public backlash that led to his defeat in a March 2012 runoff election with Macky SALL.

Area

196,722 sq km 192,530 sq km 4,192 sq km

total

196,722 sq km

water

4,192 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than South Dakota

Climate

tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind

Coastline

531 km

Elevation extremes

Atlantic Ocean 0 m unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m

highest point

unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

2.22 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%) 190 cu m/yr (2002)

per capita

190 cu m/yr (2002)

total

2.22 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)

Geographic coordinates

14 00 N, 14 00 W

Geography - note

westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal

Irrigated land

1,200 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

2,640 km The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

border countries

The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

total

2,640 km

Land use

12.51% 0.24% 87.25% (2005)

arable land

12.51%

other

87.25% (2005)

permanent crops

0.24%

Location

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

Natural resources

fish, phosphates, iron ore

Terrain

generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast

Total renewable water resources

39.4 cu km (1987)

Age structure

43% (male 2,802,171/ female 2,775,607) 54.1% (male 3,299,604/ female 3,720,007) 2.9% (male 170,667/ female 201,550) (2012 est.)

0-14 years

43% (male 2,802,171/ female 2,775,607)

15-64 years

54.1% (male 3,299,604/ female 3,720,007)

65 years and over

2.9% (male 170,667/ female 201,550) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

36.19 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

14.5% (2005)

Death rate

9.05 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

Education expenditures

5.8% of GDP (2009)

Ethnic groups

Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%

Health expenditures

5.7% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.9% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

2,600 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

59,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.34 beds/1,000 population (2008)

Infant mortality rate

55.16 deaths/1,000 live births 61.57 deaths/1,000 live births 48.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

female

48.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

total

55.16 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

Life expectancy at birth

60.18 years 58.22 years 62.19 years (2012 est.)

female

62.19 years (2012 est.)

total population

60.18 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 39.3% 51.1% 29.2% (2002 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

29.2% (2002 est.)

male

51.1%

total population

39.3%

Major cities - population

DAKAR (capital) 2.777 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, malaria, Rift Valley fever, and yellow fever schistosomiasis meningococcal meningitis rabies (2009)

animal contact disease

rabies (2009)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

respiratory disease

meningococcal meningitis

vectorborne diseases

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, malaria, Rift Valley fever, and yellow fever

water contact disease

schistosomiasis

Maternal mortality rate

370 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

18.2 years 17.3 years 19 years (2012 est.)

female

19 years (2012 est.)

male

17.3 years

total

18.2 years

Nationality

Senegalese (singular and plural) Senegalese

adjective

Senegalese

noun

Senegalese (singular and plural)

Net migration rate

-1.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Physicians density

0.059 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

12,969,606 (July 2012 est.)

Population growth rate

2.532% (2012 est.)

Religions

Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%

Sanitation facility access

urban: 69% of population rural: 38% of population total: 51% of population urban: 31% of population rural: 62% of population total: 49% of population

rural

62% of population

total

49% of population

urban

31% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

8 years 8 years 7 years (2008)

female

7 years (2008)

male

8 years

total

8 years

Sex ratio

1.03 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female 0.89 male(s)/female 0.85 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.85 male(s)/female

at birth

1.03 male(s)/female

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.01 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

4.69 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

14.8% 11.9% 20.1% (2006)

female

20.1% (2006)

total

14.8%

Urbanization

42% of total population (2010) 3.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

42% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor

Capital

Dakar 14 44 N, 17 38 W UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

14 44 N, 17 38 W

name

Dakar

time difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

adopted 7 January 2001; amended many times

Country name

Republic of Senegal Senegal Republique du Senegal Senegal Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation

conventional long form

Republic of Senegal

conventional short form

Senegal

former

Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation

local long form

Republique du Senegal

local short form

Senegal

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Lewis LUKENS Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar B. P. 49, Dakar [221] 33-829-2100 [221] 33-822-2991

chief of mission

Ambassador Lewis LUKENS

embassy

Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar

FAX

[221] 33-822-2991

mailing address

B. P. 49, Dakar

telephone

[221] 33-829-2100

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Cheikh NIANG 2031 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 [1] (202) 234-0540 [1] (202) 332-6315 Houston, New York

chancery

2031 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Cheikh NIANG

consulate(s) general

Houston, New York

FAX

[1] (202) 332-6315

telephone

[1] (202) 234-0540

Executive branch

President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012) Prime Minister Abdoul MBAYE (since 3 April 2012) Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2012 with a second round runoff on 25 March 2012; prime minister appointed by the president Macky SALL elected president; percent of votes in a runoff - Macky SALL 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE 34.2%

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president

chief of state

President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)

election results

Macky SALL elected president; percent of votes in a runoff - Macky SALL 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE 34.2%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2012 with a second round runoff on 25 March 2012; prime minister appointed by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Abdoul MBAYE (since 3 April 2012)

Flag description

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; green represents Islam, progress, and hope; yellow signifies natural wealth and progress; red symbolizes sacrifice and determination; the star denotes unity and hope uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Mali and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea

Government type

republic

Independence

4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Constitutional Council; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals

Legal system

civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; 90 members elected by direct popular vote and 60 elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) National Assembly - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017) National Assembly results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition 119, PDS 12, Bokk Giss Giss coalition 4, MCRN-Bes Du Nakk 4, PVD 2, MRDS 2, URD 1, AJ/PADS 1, other 5

election results

National Assembly results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition 119, PDS 12, Bokk Giss Giss coalition 4, MCRN-Bes Du Nakk 4, PVD 2, MRDS 2, URD 1, AJ/PADS 1, other 5

elections

National Assembly - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017)

National anthem

"Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons) Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER adopted 1960; the lyrics were written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem is sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title

lyrics/music

Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER

name

"Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)

National holiday

Independence Day, 4 April (1960)

National symbol(s)

lion

Political parties and leaders

African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar [Macky SALL]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Benno Bokk Yakaar coaltion [Macky SALL]; Benno Siggil Senegal (a coalition of opposition parties); Bokk Giss Giss coalition [Pape DIOP]; Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Ahmadou Kara MBACKE]; People's Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]; Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy or MRDS; Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Synergy for Ethics and Transparency [Aminata TALL]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]

Political pressure groups and leaders

labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers

other

labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish

Budget

$3.307 billion $4.112 billion (2012 est.)

expenditures

$4.112 billion (2012 est.)

revenues

$3.307 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-5.8% of GDP (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate

0.25% (31 December 2010 est.) 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

14.3% (31 December 2012 est.) 14.5% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.298 billion (2012 est.) -$1.685 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$4.117 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.068 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

41.3 (2001) 41.3 (1995)

Economy - overview

Senegal relies heavily on donor assistance and foreign direct investment. The country's key export industries are phosphate mining, fertilizer production, and commercial fishing. The country is also working on iron ore and oil exploration projects. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to an economic reform program backed by the donor community, which led to real growth in GDP averaging over 5% annually during 1995-2007. Annual inflation was pushed down to the single digits. The global economic downturn reduced growth to 2.2% in 2009. The IMF completed a non-dispursing, Policy Support Initiative program in 2010 and approved a new three-year policy support instrument in December 2010 to assist with economic reforms. Senegal also receives disbursements from a $540 million Millennium Challenge Account for infrastructure and agriculture development. In 2012, the economy began to rebound after a weak 2011. The economy continues to suffer from unreliable power supply, which has led to public protests and high unemployment and has prompted migrants to flee Senegal in search of better job opportunities in Europe.

Exchange rates

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 511.4 (2012 est.) 471.33 (2011 est.) 495.28 (2010) 472.19 (2009) 447.81 (2008)

Exports

$2.458 billion (2012 est.) $2.416 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton

Exports - partners

Mali 21.9%, India 12.4%, France 4.6%, Italy 4.2% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition by sector

15.3% 22.7% 61.9% (2012 est.)

agriculture

15.3%

industry

22.7%

services

61.9% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,900 (2012 est.) $2,000 (2011 est.) $2,000 (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

3.7% (2012 est.) 2.6% (2011 est.) 4.1% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$13.95 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$26.5 billion (2012 est.) $25.56 billion (2011 est.) $24.91 billion (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

2.5% 30.1% (2005)

highest 10%

30.1% (2005)

lowest 10%

2.5%

Imports

$5.109 billion (2012 est.) $5.398 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

food and beverages, capital goods, fuels

Imports - partners

France 16.7%, China 9.6%, UK 8.4%, Nigeria 8.3%, Netherlands 5.8%, US 4.8% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

4.9% (2011 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.5% (2012 est.) 3.4% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

24.8% of GDP (2012 est.)

Labor force

5.852 million (2012 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

77.5% 22.5% (2007 est.)

agriculture

77.5%

industry and services

22.5% (2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

54% (2001 est.)

Public debt

33.6% of GDP (2012 est.) 32.7% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $1.946 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$5.818 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $5.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$4.315 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.186 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$3.538 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $3.254 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

23.7% of GDP (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

48% (2007 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

6.679 million Mt (2010 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - imports

13,040 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

Electricity - consumption

2.123 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

638,000 kW (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

2.608 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

50 million cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - production

50 million cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

(1 January 2012 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

40,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

7,046 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

16,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

16,850 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Broadcast media

state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; many community and private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2007)

Internet country code

.sn

Internet hosts

237 (2012)

Internet users

1.818 million (2009)

Telephone system

good system with microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; nearly two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

domestic

above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; nearly two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly

general assessment

good system with microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system

international

country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

346,400 (2011)

Telephones - mobile cellular

9.353 million (2011)

Airports

20 (2012)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2012)

1,524 to 2,437 m

6

914 to 1,523 m

1 (2012)

over 3,047 m

2

total

9

Airports - with unpaved runways

1 (2012)

1,524 to 2,437 m

7

914 to 1,523 m

3

total

11

under 914 m

1 (2012)

Merchant marine

passenger/cargo 1 (2010)

total

1

Pipelines

gas 43 km; refined products 8 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Dakar

Railways

906 km 906 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

total

906 km

Roadways

14,008 km 4,099 km (includes 7 km of expressways) 9,909 km (2003)

total

14,008 km

unpaved

9,909 km (2003)

Waterways

1,000 km (primarily on the Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2012)

Manpower available for military service

2,699,196 3,018,565 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

3,018,565 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

2,699,196

Manpower fit for military service

1,788,493 2,133,370 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,133,370 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

1,788,493

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

145,509 145,064 (2010 est.)

female

145,064 (2010 est.)

male

145,509

Military branches

Senegalese Armed Forces: Army, Senegalese Navy (Marine Senegalaise), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2009)

Senegalese Armed Forces

Army, Senegalese Navy (Marine Senegalaise), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2009)

Military expenditures

1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; service obligation - 2 years; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2004)

Disputes - international

The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms smuggling into their countries from Senegal's Casamance region, and in 2006, respectively accepted 6,000 and 10,000 Casamance residents fleeing the conflict; 2,500 Guinea-Bissau residents fled into Senegal in 2006 to escape armed confrontations along the border

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis

Refugees and internally displaced persons

19,917 (Mauritania) (2011) 10,000-40,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2012)

IDPs

10,000-40,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2012)

refugees (country of origin)

19,917 (Mauritania) (2011)