1986 Edition

Aid

economic bilateral commitments, US (FY70-84) $154 million, other Western countries, ODA and OOF (1970-83), $596 million; military commitments (FY70-84), US $18 million

Airfields

880 total, 770 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Branches

Paraguayan Army, Paraguayan Navy, Paraguayan Air Force

executive, judicial, bicameral legislature (Senate, Chamber of Deputies)

Budget

(1983 est.) revenues, $494 million; expenditures, $741 million

Capital

Lima

Civil air

4 major transport aircraft

Coastline

2,4 14 km People

Elections

elections for president and congress held every five years; election for president and congress held 14 April 1985; new government inaugurated 28 July 1985 Political parties and leaders: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Alan Garcia; United Left (IU), Alfonso Barrantes; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes; Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaunde Terry

Ethnic divisions

45% Indian; 37% mestizo (white-Indian); 15% white; 3% black, Japanese, Chinese, and other

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Government leader

Alan GARCIA Perez, President (since July 1985); Luis ALVA Castro, Prime Minister (since July 1985)

Highways

21,960 km total; 1,788 km paved, 474 km gravel, and 19,698 km earth

Infant mortality rate

80/1,000 (1985)

Inland waterways

3, 100 km

Labor force

4.9 million (1981); 40% government and other services, 41% agriculture, 19% industry (1981); unemployment about 10.9% (1984); underemployment 54.2%

Land boundaries

6,131 km Water

Language

Spanish and Quechua (official), Aymara

Legal system

based on civil law system; 1979 constitution reestablished civilian government with a popularly elected president and bicameral legislature; legal education at the National Universities in Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa, and Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

56.5

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm

Literacy

est. 80%

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $76.4 million; 17.2% of central government budget 500 kr Land 1,285,216 km (other estimates range as low as 1,248,380 km); five-sixths the size of Alaska; 55% forest; 14% meadow and pasture; 2% crop; 29% urban, waste, or other

Military manpower

males 15-49, 979,000; 778,000 fit for military service; 48,000 reach military age (17) annually

Monetary conversion rate

240 guaranies=US$l (January 1986)

National holiday

Independence Day, 28 July

Nationality

noun — Peruvian(s); adjective — Peruvian

Official name

Republic of Peru

Organized labor

about 40% of salaried workers (1983 est.) Government

Political subdivisions

24 departments with limited autonomy plus constitutional Province of Callao

Population

20,207,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.6%

Ports

1 major (Asuncion), 9 minor (all river)

Railroads

970 km total; 440 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 60 km 1.000-meter gauge, 470 km various narrow gauge (privately owned)

Religion

predominantly Roman Catholic

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

principal center in Asuncion, fair intercity microwave net; 78,300 telephones (2.3 per 100 popl.); 40 AM, 6 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

Type

republic

Voting strength

(1985 presidential election) 48% APRA, 23% IU, 14% PPC, 5% AP Peru (continued)