1989 Edition

Administrative divisions

none

Agriculture

Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit, cattle, poultry

Aid

none

Budget

revenues $3.4 million; expenditures $3.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY88)

Capital

Saipan

Climate

tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to July, rainy season July to October

wet season May to November; hot and humid

Coasdme

2,092 fan

Coastline

1 ,482 km

1,519 km

Comparative area

slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

slightly smaller than Kansas Land hiiaadniri 1.374 km total; Saudi Arabia 676 fan, UAE 410 km. PDRY 288 km

slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Constitution

Covenant Agreement effective 3 November 1986

Contiguous zone

1 2 nm

12 nm

Continental shelf

200 m

200 m

Continental skeif

to be denned

Currency

Australian dollar (plural — dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Diplomatic representation

none

Elections

Governor — last held on NA (next to be held NA); results — Pedro P. TENORIO (Democratic Party) was elected; Senate — last held on NA (next to be held NA); results — percent of vote by party NA; seats — (9 total) number of seats by party NA; House of Representatives — last held on NA (next to be held NA); results — percent of vote by party NA; seats — (14 total) number of seats by party NA; US House of Representatives — last held NA (next to be held NA); results — percent of vote by party NA; seats — (1 total) party of nonvoting delegate NA

Electricity

7,000 kW capacity; 8 million kWh produced, 3,210 kWh per capita (1989)

Environment

Mt. Pagan is an active volcano (last erupted in October 1 988); subject to typhoons during the rainy season

subject to typhoons from June to December; archipelago of six island groups totaling over 200 islands in the Caroline chain

Ethnic divisions

almost entirely Arab, with small Balochi, Zanzibar!, and Indian groups

Exchange rates

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1— 1.2784 (January 1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905(1986), 1.4269(1985)

Executive branch

governor, lieutenant governor

Exports

$1.8 million (f.o.b., FY85); commodities— postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia Palm, small quantities of avocados; partners — Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe

Extended economic zone

200 nm

200 nm

200 nm

External debt

NA

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

Flag

blue with a white five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center

GNP

NA

Imports

$16.3 million (c.i.f., FY85); commodities— NA; partners — Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe

Independence

none (commonwealth associated with the US)

Industrial production

growth rate NA%

Industries

tourism

Infant mortality rate

105 deaths/ 1,000 live births (1990)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

NA%

Judicial branch

Supreme Court

Labor force

430,000; 60% agriculture (est.); 58% are non-Omani

Land boundaries

none

none

Land use

1% arable land; NA% permanent crops; 19% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other

NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other

Language

Arabic (official); English, Balochi, Urdu, Indian dialects

Leaders

Chief of State — President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989); Vice President Dan QUAYLE (since 20 January 1989); Head of Government — Governor Pedro P. TENORIO (since 1978); Lieutenant Governor Pedro A. TENORIO (since NA) Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party, Antonio S. Guerrero; Republican Party, Alonso Igisomar

Legal system

NA

Legislative branch

bicameral Legislature consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Representatives

Life expectancy at birth

56 years male, 58 years female (1990)

Literacy

20%

Nararai ujomcti

cmde oiL copper, asbestos, witte marble. NEGL% permanent crops; 5% tares; 0% forest and , NEGL% irrigated and paslarge il fresh strategic location with '. footStrait of Hormaz (17% of world's ofl pn>- i transits this pan i Gatf to Arabeui Seal 1. 457.064 (Jary 19901 growth rate 3.1% (19901 Barn rate 43 births/1.000 popabtioa Death rale 12 deaths/ 1. 000 popnbtion •M Oman (continued)

National holiday

Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)

Nationality

noun — Omani(s); adjective — Omani

Natural resources

arable land, fish

forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products; deep-seabed minerals

Net migration rate

0 migrants/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

Note

strategic location 5,635 km westsouthwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way between Hawaii and the Philippines

important location 850 km southeast of the Philippines; includes World War II battleground of Peleliu and worldfamous rock islands

Organized labor

trade unions are illegal

Religion

75% Ibadhi Muslim; remainder Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, some Hindu

Suffrage

universal at age 18; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections

Terrain

southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic; highest elevation is 471 meters (Mt. Tagpochu on Saipan)

islands vary geologically from the high mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs

Territorial sea

3 nm

12 an DJjpntti. Administrative Line with PDRY. BO defined boandary with most of UAE. Administrative Line in far north nhnali dry desert; hot, hnmid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong soathwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far sooth TerranE vast lAJilial dueil plain, rvgcjed monntains ia north and soath

3 nm

Total area

477 km2; land area: 477 km2; includes Saipan, Rota, and Tinian

212.460 fan1: land area: 212,460 fair

458 km2; land area: 458 km2

Total fertility rate

6.8 children born/ woman (1990)

Type

commonwealth associated with the US and administered by the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior

Unemployment rate

NA%

Birth rate

43 births/ 1,000 population (1990)

25 births/ 1,000 population (1990)

Death rate

6 deaths/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

6 deaths/ 1,000 population (1990)

Ethnic divisions

Chamorro majority; Carolinians and other Micronesians; Spanish, German, Japanese admixtures

Palauans are a composite of Polynesian, Malayan, and Melanesian races

Infant mortality rate

1 7 deaths/ 1 ,000 live births (1990)

26 deaths/ 1,000 live births (1990)

Labor force

17,533, including 10,000 foreign workers (1988 est.)

NA

Language

English, but Chamorro and Carolinian are also spoken in the home and taught in school

Palauan is the official language, though English is commonplace; inhabitants of the isolated southwestern islands speak a dialect of Trukese

Life expectancy at birth

65 years male, 70 years female (1990)

68 years male, 74 years female (1990)

Literacy

NA%

NA%, but education compulsory through eight grades

Nationality

undetermined

noun — Palauan(s); adjective — Palauan

Net migration rate

—3 migrants/ 1,000 population (1990)

— 1 2 migrants/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

Organized labor

NA

NA

Population

22,719 (July 1990), growth rate 3.4% (1990)

14,310 (July 1990), growth rate 0.7% (1990)

Religion

Christian with a Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found

predominantly Christian, mainly Roman Catholic

Total fertility rate

5.8 children born/ woman (1990)

3.3 children born/ woman (1990)

Administrative divisions

none

none

Capital

Muscat

Koror; a new capital is being built about 20 km northeast in eastern Babelthuap

Constitution

none

11 January 1981

Diplomatic representation

Ambassador Awadh Bader AL-SHANFARI; Chancery at 2342 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 387-1980 through 1982; US— Ambassador Richard BOEHM; Embassy at address NA, Muscat (mailing address is P. O. Box 966, Muscat); telephone 738-231 or 738-

none; US — US Liaison Officer Steven R. PRUETT; US Liaison Office at Top Side, Neeriyas, Koror (mailing address: P. O. Box 6028, Koror, Republic of Palau 96940); telephone 160-680-920 or 990

Elections

none

President — last held on 2 November 1988 (next to be held November 1992); Ngiratkel Etpison 26.3%, Roman Tmetuchl 25.9%, Thomas Remengesau 19.5%, others 28.3%; Senate — last held 2 November 1988 (next to be held November 1992); results — percent of vote NA; seats — (18 total); House of Delegates — last held 2 November 1988 (next to be held November 1992); results — percent of vote NA; seats— (16 total)

Executive branch

sultan, Cabinet, State Consultative Assembly

US president, US vice president, national president, national vice president

Flag

three horizontal bands of white (top, double width), red, and green (double width) with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered at the top of the vertical band

light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon) shifted slightly to the hoist side

Independence

1650, expulsion of the Portuguese

still part of the US-administered UN trusteeship (the last polity remaining under the trusteeship; the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas have left); administered by the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of Interior

Judicial branch

none; traditional Islamic judges and a nascent civil court system

Supreme Court

Leaders

Chief of State and Head of Government— Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Sa'id Al Said (since 23 July 1970)

Chief of State — President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989), represented by High Commissioner Janet MCCOY (since NA); Head of Government — President Ngiratkel ETPISON (since 2 November 1988)

Legal system

based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws

Legislative branch

none

bicameral Parliament (Olbiil Era Kelulau or OEK) consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Delegates

Long-form name

Commonwealth of the

Sultanate of Oman

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (no short-form name); may change to Republic of Palau after independence; note — Belau, the native form of Palau, is sometimes used

Member of

Arab League, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO

National holiday

National Day, 18 November

Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)

Other political or pressure groups

outlawed Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO), based in South Yemen; small, clandestine Shi'a fundamentalist groups are active

Political parties

none

no formal parties

Suffrage

none

universal at age 18

Type

absolute monarchy; independent, with residual UK influence

UN trusteeship administered by the US; constitutional government signed a Compact of Free Association with the US on 10 January 1986, after approval in a series of UN-observed plebiscites; until the UN trusteeship is terminated with entry into force of the Compact, Palau remains under US administration as the Palau District of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

Agriculture

coffee, coconuts, fruits, tobacco, cattle

accounts for 3.4% of GDP and 60% of the labor force (including fishing); less than 2% of land cultivated; largely subsistence farming (dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables, camels, cattle); not self-sufficient in food; annual fish catch averages 100,000 metric tons

subsistencelevel production of coconut, copra, cassava, sweet potatoes

Aid

none

US commitments, including Ex-lm (FY70-88), $122 million; Western (nonUS) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $92 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $797 million

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $2 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $62.6 million

Budget

revenues SNA; expenditures $70.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1987)

revenues $3.1 billion; expenditures $4.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.0 billion (1989 est.)

revenues $6.0 million; expenditures NA, including capital expenditures of NA (1986)

Currency

US currency is used

Omani rial (plural — rials); 1 Omani rial (RO) = 1,000 baiza

US currency is used

Electricity

25,000 kW capacity; 35 million kWh produced, 1 ,640 kWh per capita (1989)

1,130,000 kW capacity; 3,600 million kWh produced, 2,760 kWh per capita (1989)

16,000 kW capacity; 22 million kWh produced, 1,550 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates

US currency is used

Omani rials (RO) per US$1— 0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)

US currency is used

Exports

$NA; commodities — vegetables, beef, pork; partners — NA

$3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities — petroleum, reexports, processed copper, dates, nuts, fish; partners — Japan, South Korea, Thailand

$0.5 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities— NA; partners — US, Japan

External debt

SNA

$3.1 billion (December 1989 est.)

SNA

Fiscal year

1 October-30 September

calendar year

1 October-30 September Pacific Islands, Trust Territory Of the (Palau) {continued)

GDP

$7.8 billion, per capita $6,006; real growth rate -3.0% (1987 est.)

$31.6 million, per capita $2,260; real growth rate NA% (1986)

GNP

$165 million, per capita $9,170; real growth rate NA% (1982)

Imports

$NA; commodities — NA; partners— NA

$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities — machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants; partners — Japan, UAE, UK, FRO, US

$27.2 million (c.i.f., 1986); commodities— NA; partners — US

Industrial production

growth rate NA%

growth rate 5.0% (1986)

growth rate NA%

Industries

tourism, construction, light industry, handicrafts

crude oil production and refining, natural gas production, construction, cement, copper

tourism, craft items (shell, wood, pearl), some commercial fishing and agriculture

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

NA%

2.0% (1988 est.)

NA%

Overview

The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. An agreement for the years 1986 to 1992 entitles the islands to $228 million for capital development, government operations, and special programs. Another major source of income is the tourist industry, which employs about 10% of the work force. The agricultural sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Industry is small scale in nature — mostly handicrafts and fish processing.

Economic performance is closely tied to the fortunes of the oil industry. Petroleum accounts for nearly all export earnings, about 70% of government revenues, and more than 50% of GDP. Oman has proved oil reserves of 4 billion barrels, equivalent to about 20 years' supply at the current rate of extraction. Although agriculture employs a majority of the population, urban centers depend on imported food.

The economy consists primarily of subsistence agriculture and fishing. Tourism provides some foreign exchange, although the remote location of Palau and a shortage of suitable facilities has hindered development. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the US.

Unemployment rate

N A%

NA%

20% (1986)

Aeff

200 meters or to 200 nai : maritime boundary dispute with

Agricafcare

accounts for 3.1% of GNP and 6.5% of labor force; among world's top 10 fishing nations; livestock output exceeds value of crops; over half of food needs imported; fish catch of 1 .9 million metric tons in 1987 Ait donor — ODA and OOF commitments (1970-87J, $3.7 billion

Airports

1 with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m (Australian owned)

6 total, 4 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

128 total, 119 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 6 with runways 2,4403,659 m; 63 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

2 with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m

Badget

revenues $40.6 billion; expenditures $41.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989)

Birth rate

14 births/1,000 population

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Royal Oman Police

Capital

Oslo 1 •••Hi Hi n S iiini 19 proyinces (fyIker. singular — fylkct Akersbus. AustAgocr. DVskenKi. FinnxnariL, Hcdmark. Hordaland. Mere og RomsdaL Nordhnd, Nord-Tiwndelag. Oppiand. Oslo. OstfoVt Rogaland. Sogn og Fjordanc. Sar-Trvnoelag. Tdemark. Troms. VestAgder. VestfoW Imbfrmtrmui 26 October 1905 (from Sweden) Caaililatiaa 17 May 1814. modified in

Chi air

76 major transport aircraft .Airports: 104 total, 104 usable: 64 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3.659 m; 16 with railways 1 ,2202,439m B dCCQHBH^BVCftilQBK niyn^jfi^iil v OOOCS~ tic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services; 3.102,000 telephones; stations— 8 AM. 46 (1.400 relays) FM. 55 (2.100 relays) TV; 4 coaxial submarine cables; communications satellite earth stations operating in the ELTELSAT. INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean*. MARISAT, and domestic systems Def. Forces Royal Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Air Force Mifitary ••afn»rr males 15-49, 1,1 15.620; 937.555 fit for military service; 32.748 reach military age (20) annually DcCease expiaditam 3J% of GDP. or $2.5 billion (1989 est.)

Curreao

Norwegian krone (plural — kroner): 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 arc

Deacarfeat areas

Bouvet Island. Jan MayrauSwalbard

Death rate

11 deaths / 1 ,000 population (1990) Net BBgratMa rake 2 migrants/ 1.000 population (1990)

Defense expenditures

16.5% of GDP, or $1.3 billion (1990 est.) Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the (Palau) 85 tm Kayangel Islands 0 pa/au > Islands huapy Babelthu KOROR* Philippine Sea ,Sonsorol Islands .Pulo Anna . Merit Q Helen Island North Pacific Ocean

Electioas

Parliament — last held on 1 1 September 1989 (next to be held 6 September 1993t results — Labor 34.3%. Conservative 22.2%. Progress 13.0%, Socialist Left 10.1%. Christian People's 8.5%. Center 6.6%. Finnmark List 0.3%. others 5%; seats — <165 total) Labor 63. Conservative 37. Progress 22, Socialist Left 17. Christian People's 14. Center 1 1. Finnmark List 1 CaaMMBKtK 15400 est.; 5,500 Norwegian Communist Party (NKPc 10.000 Workers Communist Party Marxist-Leninist (AK.PMl_ pro-Chinese) Meaner oft ADB. CCC. Council of Europe. DAC. EFT A, ESA, FAO. GATT. IAEA. IBRD. ICAC. ICAO. ICES. ICO. IDA, IEA (associate member). I FAD, IFC. IHO. ILO. ILZSG. IMF. IMO. INTELSAT. INTERPOU IPU, ITU. IWC — International Whaling Commission. IWC— International Wheat Council. NATO. Nordic Council. OECD. L N UNESCO. UPU. WHO. WIPO. WMO. WSG

Electricity

26,735.000 kW capacity; 121,685 million kWh produced. 28,950 k Wh per capita (1 989 >

Exchange rates

Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1— 6.5405 (January 199OX 6.9045 (1989), 6.5170 (1988K 6.7375 (1987X 7.3947 (1986X 8.5972 (1985) Fiscal : 4,223 km 1. 435-meter standard gauge; Norwegian State Railways (NSB) operates 4.219 km (2,450 km electrified and 96 km double track); 4 km other

Exports

$22.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989K commodities— petroleum and petroleum products 25%, natural gas 11%. fish 7%, aluminum 6%. ships 3.5%. pulp and paper; partners— UK 26%, EFTA 16.3%, less developed countries 14%, Sweden 12%. FRG 12%, US 6%, Denmark 5% (1988)

Exteraal debt

$18.3 billion (December 1989) iMhstrial proawctioa: growth rate 15.8% (1989)

GDP

$75.8 billion, per capita $17,900; real growth rate 5.7% (1989 est.) laftatkM rate iconsaBwr prices): 4.5% (1989)

Highways

80 km of roads, including 53 km of sealed roads; remainder are earth formed or coral surfaced

300 km total (53 km primary, 55 km secondary, 192 km local)

79,540 km total; 18,600 km concrete, bituminous, stone block; 19,980 km bituminous treated; 40.960 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

22,800 km total; 3,800 km bituminous surface, 1 9,000 km motorable track

25.7 km paved macadam and concrete roads, otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads (1986)

Imports

$18.7 billion fc.i.f.. 1989); commodities— machinery, fuels and lubricants, transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, clothing, ships; partners— Sweden 1 8%. less developed countries 18%, FRG 14%. Denmark 8%. UK 7%, US 7%, Japan 5% (1988>

Industries

petroleum and gas. food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

Infant BMftafity rate

7 deaths/1.000 live births (19901

Iwbtmt waterways

1 ,577 km along west coast; 1 .5-2.4 m draft vessels maximum PIpfJBMrefined products, 53 km

Kjekj VIBE

Chancen, at 2720 34th Street NW. Washington DC 20008: telephone (202) 333-6000: there are Norwegian Ctmm\*tr* General in Houston, Los Angeles. Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco, aad Consulates in Miami aad New Orleans: L'S — Ambassador Lore* Miller RL PPE; Embassy at DrammeasveicB 1 8, Oslo 2 (madia^ adaVcss is APO New York 09085t telephone [47] (2) 44-85-50 Flat; red with a Mae cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Damteprt* (Danish flag) F.conorm

Land mae

3% arable land; 0% crape NEGL* meadows and pnuajet, 27* forest and woodland; 70* in North Atlantic 4.252.806 (Jnh 19901 growth rate 0.5* (19901

Legal system

mixture of customary law. civil law system, and common law traditions; Scpreme Court readers advisory to legislature wfccB yrirpii' aitf jrtt ICJ jurisdiction, with reservar. Constitution Day, 17 prime minisUSSR May il814i ter. State Council (cabinet) Ltgbiatr** hraack unicameral Parliament (Storting or Stoninget) with an Upper Chamber (Lagtingt and a Lower Chamber (Oddsting) Jaafetal hraack Supreme Coin (Hoiestereu) Leaders Chief of Stale— King OLAV V (since 21 September I957t Heir Apparent Crown Prince HARALD (born 21 February 1937fc Head tf Government — Prime Minister Jan P SYSE (since 16 October 1989)

Life expectancy at birth

73 years male. 81 years female (1990)

Merchant mariae

660 ships 11,000 GRT or over* totaling 16.702^254 CRT/ 28,722,304 DWT; includes 1 1 passenger. 19 short-sea passenger, 104 cargo, 3 passenger-cargo. 19 refrigerated cargo. 6 container. 40 roll-on/rottoff cargo, 6 vehicle carrier. 1 railcar carrier, 1 28 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 86 chemical tanker, 62 liquefied gas, 26 combination ore/oil. 142 balk, 7 combination bulk; note — the governmeat has created a captive register, the Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS), as a subset of the Norwegian register; ships OB the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians; the majority of ships under the Norwegian flag are now registered with the NIS

Military manpower

males 15-49, 350,173; 198,149 fit for military service

Note

defense is the responsibility of Australia 200km Farallon de Paiaros Philippine Sea r^Maug Islands •Asuncion Island 9Agrihan Pagan^ •Guguan .Sangan *Anatahan 'Farallon de Sa.par M^dinilla North Pacific Ocean

defense is the responsibility of the US Non»a> . > »« v..

defense is the responsibility of the US and that will not change when the UN trusteeship terminates

Oterview

Norway is a prosperous capitalist nation with the resources to finance extensive welfare measures. Since 1975 exploitation of large crude oil and natural gas reserves has helped achieve an average annual growth of roughly 4%, the thirdhighest among OECD countries. Growth slackened in 1987-88 because of the sharp drop in world oil prices and a slowdown in consumer spending, but picked up again in 1 989. Future economic issues involve the aging of the population, the increased economic integration of Europe, and the balance between private and public influence in economic decisions.

Pipelines

crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 1 ,030 km

Political parties aad ttiatrs

Labor. Gro Harlem Brundtland; Conservative. Jan P.

Ports

none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade

Saipan, Rota, Tinian

Oslo. Bergen. Fredrikstad, Kristiansand. Stavanger. Trondbeim

Mln5' Qabfls, Mln5' RaysQt Civil air 4 major transport aircraft

Koror

Saffrage

universal at age 18

Syse

Center. Johan J. Jakobsen; Christian People s, Kjell Magnc Bondcvik: Socialist Left. Eric Solbeim; Norwegian Communist, Hans I. Klei-en; Progress, Carl I. Hagen; Liberal. Arnc Fjortoft; Finn mark List, leader NA

Tatal area

524.220 km-, land area: 30" .860 kmCo«avatn* area: slightly larger than Ne» Mexico Land •••aiiii 2,582 km total: Finland 729 km. Sweden 1.657. USSR 196 km Fin l haii 2:. 925 km (3.419 km rniiahiaif-. 2,413 km large islands: 16.093 km lone ~ : - ~-"~:*---~.. - ^ * i- ^ *-z ~ " : * indentations i BMC 10 nm

Telecommunications

1 ,500 radio receivers (1982); radio link service with Sydney; 987 telephones (1983); stations — 1 AM, no FM, no TV Defense Forces

stations — 2 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth stations Defense Forces

fair system of openwire, radio relay, and radio communications stations; 50,000 telephones; stations— 3 AM, 3 FM, 1 1 TV; satellite earth stations — 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 ARABSAT and 8 domestic Defense Forces

stations — 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth station Defense Forces

Tetal fertility rate

1 .8 children born/ i!990l ity: noun — Norwegian* st adjective— Norwegian K Germanic (Nordic, AJBaltic) and racial-cultural minority of 20.000 Lapps RcfciaK 94* Evangelical Lutheran (state church). 4* other Protestant and Roman CatboBc. 2* other 1 jaeaigi, Norwegian (officialt small Lappand Finnish-speaking minorities 100* 2,164.000: 33.6* services, 17.4* commerce. 16.6* mining and manufacturing, 8.4* transportation, 7.8* construction, 6.8* hanking and financial services, 6.5* agriculture, forestry, and fishing (1986) Organized labor 66* of labor force (1985 > Tarkey oaiy NATO with the Kingdom of Norway

Type

constitutional monarchy

UaeaployBMBt rate

3.9% (1989 est., excluding people in job-training programs)

USSR

territorial claim m Aatarctica (Oveoi Maud Landc Denmark has chalGreenland aad Jan Mayca CJBaBaVtC ^f) \ IT*f-T t tC &jOD£ CT^R^-L. nyXilnCQ b> North Atlantic Current; colder interior, rain* Terraicgl valevs: "— " •*+**'Li'L4 •«'•—•• coasthnc b> fjords: arctk tundra in ie oil. T-otitJ. natu- "" .~ t ~~. -. . ~ ral g»i. pyrites, -,, - .-. _( ft'