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Lithuania

2025 Edition · 415 data fields

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Introduction

Background

Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, Lithuania extended its territory through alliances and conquest to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when surrounding countries partitioned its remnants. Lithuania regained its independence after World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. In 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until 1991. The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in 2004. In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.

Geography

Area

Land: 62,680 sq km
Total: 65,300 sq km
Water: 2,620 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than West Virginia

Climate

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Coastline

90 km

Continent

Europe

Elevation

Highest point: Aukstojas 294 m
Lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
Mean elevation: 110 m

Geographic coordinates

56 00 N, 24 00 E

Geography - note

fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits

Irrigated land

61 sq km (2020)

Land boundaries

Border countries: Belarus 640 km; Latvia 544 km; Poland 100 km; Russia (Kaliningrad) 261 km
number of neighbors: 4
Total: 1,545 km

Land use

Agricultural land: 45.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
arable land: 36.79%
Forest: 35.3% (2023 est.)
Other: 18.8% (2023 est.)
permanent crops: 0.53%

Landlocked

Location

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus

Major lakes (area sq km)

Salt water lake(s): Curonian Lagoon (shared with Russia) - 1,620 sq km

Map links

Google Maps: https://goo.gl/maps/dd1s9rrLjrK2G8yY6
OpenStreetMap: https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/72596

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

occasional floods, droughts

Natural resources

peat, arable land, amber

Population distribution

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda

Subregion

Northern Europe

Terrain

lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Time zone

UTC+02:00
number of time zones: 1

People and Society

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.2% (male 205,154/female 194,386)
15-64 years: 62.6% (male 808,435/female 837,908)
65 years and over: 22.2% (2024 est.) (male 201,405/female 380,898)

Alcohol consumption per capita

Beer: 4.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 1.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 4.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 11.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

7.01 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

Women married by age 15: 0% (2022)
Women married by age 18: 0.2% (2022)

Children under 5 years underweight

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.1% (2021 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

51.8% (2024 est.)

Death rate

14.1 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
adult female: 70 per 1,000
adult male: 181 per 1,000

Dependency ratios

Elderly dependency ratio: 33.3 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 3 (2025 est.)
Total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 23.3 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved total: 96.73%
Improved: rural: rural: 93.8% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 98% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 6.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.8% national budget (2022 est.)

Education expenditures

4 % of GDP

Ethnic groups

Lithuanian 84.6%, Polish 6.5%, Russian 5%, Belarusian 1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (2021 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.6 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

8 % of GDP
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.5% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 13% of national budget (2022 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.12%

Hospital bed density

6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Female: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births
neonatal: 2 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages: Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.)
Major-language sample(s): Pasaulio enciklopedija – naudingas bendrosios informacijos šaltinis. (Lithuanian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
number of languages: 1

Life expectancy at birth

Female: 81.7 years
Male: 70.8 years
Total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

Female: 49.2 years
Male: 40.9 years
Total: 44 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.2 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

Adjective: Lithuanian
Noun: Lithuanian(s)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26.3% (2016)

Physician density

6.1 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population

Female: 1,481,087
Male: 1,334,600
Total: 2,815,687 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

-0.71% (2025 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved total: 96.4%
Improved: rural: rural: 91.9% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 96.7% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 99% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 8.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 3.3% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 1% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Female: 17 years (2022 est.)
Male: 16 years (2022 est.)
Total: 17 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

Female: 16.7% (2025 est.)
Male: 38% (2025 est.)
Total: 26.6% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.22 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)

Vaccination rate

measles: 86%

Government

Administrative divisions

60 municipalities (savivaldybe, singular - savivaldybe); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai

Capital

Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: named after the Vilnia River; the river name is said to derive from the Lithuanian word vilnis, meaning "wave"
Geographic coordinates: 54 41 N, 25 19 E
Name: Vilnius
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Lithuania
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Coat of arms

svg: https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/lt.svg

Constitution

Amendment process: proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum
History: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992

Country name

alternative spellings: LT, Republic of Lithuania, Lietuvos Respublika
Conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania
Conventional short form: Lithuania
Etymology: meaning of the name is obscure; may be derived from the local words lietava, meaning "small river," or lietus, meaning "rain" or "land of rain," or the Latin word litus, meaning "shore"
FIFA code: LTU
Former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR)
Local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
local long form (lit): Lietuvos Respublikos
Local short form: Lietuva

Diplomatic representation from the US

Chief of mission: Ambassador Kara C. McDONALD (since 26 January 2024)
Email address and website: consec@state.gov https://lt.usembassy.gov/
Embassy: Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106
FAX: [370] (5) 266-5510
Mailing address: 4510 Vilnius Place, Washington DC  20521-4510
Telephone: [370] (5) 266-5500

Diplomatic representation in the US

Chancery: 2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
Chief of mission: Ambassador Gediminas VARVUOLIS (since 5 September 2025)
Consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
Email address and website: info@usa.mfa.lt https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/
FAX: [1] (202) 328-0466
Telephone: [1] (202) 234-5860

Executive branch

Cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament
Chief of state: President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)
Election results: 2024: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote -Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 75.6%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (TS-LKD) 24.4% 2019: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%
Election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament
Expected date of next election: 2029
Head of government: Prime Minister Inga RUGINIENE (since 25 September 2025)
Most recent election date: 26 May 2024

Flag

description: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red meaning: yellow stands for golden fields, the sun, light, and goodness; green for the forests, nature, freedom, and hope; red for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland

Flag description

The flag of Lithuania is composed of three equal horizontal bands of yellow, green and red.

Flag image

svg: https://flagcdn.com/lt.svg

Government type

semi-presidential republic

Independence

16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one third of membership reconstituted every 3 years
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; district and local courts

Legal system

civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court

Legislative branch

Electoral system: mixed system
Expected date of next election: October 2028
Legislative structure: unicameral
Legislature name: Parliament (Seimas)
Most recent election date: 10/13/2024 to 10/27/2024
Number of seats: 141 (all directly elected)
Parties elected and seats per party: Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) (52); Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD) (28); Political Party "The Dawn of Nemunas" (PPNA) (20); Union of Democrats “For Lithuania” (DSVL) (14); Liberals Movement of the Republic of Lithuania (LS) (12); Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽS) (8); Other (7)
Percentage of women in chamber: 28.4%
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 4 years

National color(s)

yellow, green, red

National heritage

Selected World Heritage Site locales: Vilnius Historic Center; Curonian Spit; Kernavė Archaeological Site; Struve Geodetic Arc; Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939
Total World Heritage Sites: 5 (all cultural)

National holiday

Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918)
note: note: 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of statehood and independence from the Soviet Union

National symbol(s)

mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser), white stork

Political parties

Center-Right Union or CDS Dawn of Nemunas or PPNA Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania - Christian Families Alliance or LLRA–KŠS Homeland Union or TS-LKD Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union or LVŽS Liberals' Movement or LRLS National Alliance or NS Social Democratic Party of Lithuania or LSDP Union of Democrats for Lithuania or DSVL

Start of week

Monday

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

UN Member

Yes

Economy

Agricultural products

wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, potatoes, triticale, oats, beans, peas (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Average household expenditures

On alcohol and tobacco: 5.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food: 19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

Expenditures: $28.68 billion (2023 est.)
Note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $28.011 billion (2023 est.)

Currency

code: EUR
name: euro (EUR) [€]

Current account balance

$2.77 billion
Current account balance 2022: -$4.322 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $878.388 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024: $2.101 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; recovery supported by private consumption and EU fund-driven investments; structural challenges include pension reform, aging workforce, and high energy-import costs

Exchange rates

Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)

Exports

$62.9 billion
Exports 2022: $61.448 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $61.02 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024: $62.896 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, wheat, cars (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

Latvia 11%, Poland 8%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 6%, Russia 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Foreign direct investment

net inflows: $4.7 billion

GDP - composition, by end use

Exports of goods and services: 76.5% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 17.3% (2023 est.)
Household consumption: 57.3% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -72.6% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 23.7% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: -1.8% (2023 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture: 2.6% (2024 est.)
Industry: 23.4% (2024 est.)
Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services: 63.6% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$84.869 billion (2024 est.)
note: note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP per capita (nominal)

$29,384

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

35.7 (2018)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 36.6 (2022 est.)
Note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

GNI (gross national income)

$83.41 billion

GNI per capita

$27,150

Gross domestic investment

20 % of GDP

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Highest 10%: 28.7% (2022 est.)
Lowest 10%: 2.5% (2022 est.)
Note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$58.5 billion
Imports 2022: $62.916 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $57.899 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024: $58.491 billion (2024 est.)
Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

Germany 13%, Poland 13%, Latvia 8%, USA 7%, Norway 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

3.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.72%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 19.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 9.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 0.7% (2024 est.)
Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

1.548 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total: 1.53 million persons

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 4.66%
industry: 25.9%
services: 69.44%

Population below poverty line

20.9% (2021 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

Note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2023: 36.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$159.68 billion
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $132.099 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $132.552 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $136.227 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

2.77%
Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.5% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 0.3% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 2.8% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$55,286
Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $46,700 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $46,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $47,200 (2024 est.)

Remittances

$1.05 billion
Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022: 1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$7.41 billion
Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $5.365 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $6.168 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $7.406 billion (2024 est.)

Revenue (excl grants)

34 % of GDP

Tax revenue

21 % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues

21.4% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

6.73%
Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 6% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 6.9% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 7.6% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

Female: 11.7% (2024 est.)
Male: 16.3% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 14.1% (2024 est.)

Energy

Coal

Consumption: 166,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Exports: 78,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports: 149,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 10.992 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption per capita: 4,203 kWh
Exports: 3.98 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports: 10.91 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 5.426 million kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 829.9 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

Electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

Biomass and waste: 13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectric: 16.53%
Hydroelectricity: 4.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 0%
renewable: 65.61%
Solar: 14.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Wind: 51% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

2,437 kg of oil equivalent
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

Consumption: 1.49 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Exports: 1.867 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Imports: 3.282 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2 (2025)

Petroleum

Crude oil estimated reserves: 12 million barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 67,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Total petroleum production: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Renewable energy consumption

33.2%

Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

per 100 inhabitants: 28 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
Total: 806,000 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

public broadcaster operates 3 channels, with the third channel (satellite) introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions 

Internet country code

.lt

Internet users

Percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)

Postal code format

LT-#####

Telephone calling code

+370

Telephones - fixed lines

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)
Total subscriptions: 224,000 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100: 137 per 100
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 139 (2024 est.)
Total subscriptions: 3.97 million (2024 est.)

Transportation

Air transport

passengers carried: 29,256 passengers
registered carrier departures: 2,217 departures

Airports

64 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Driving side

Right

Heliports

2 (2025)

Merchant marine

By type: container ship 3, general cargo 19, oil tanker 2, other 35
Total: 59 (2023)

Ports

Key ports: Butinge Oil Terminal, Klaipeda
Large: 0
Medium: 1
Ports with oil terminals: 2
Small: 0
Total ports: 2 (2024)
Very small: 1

Railways

Total: 1,911 km (2020) 152 km electrified

Vehicle registration code

Military and Security

Land forces

armored vehicles
tanks

Military - note

the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994 since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; NATO has also provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base (2025)

Military and security forces

Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Lithuanian Land Forces (LLF), Lithuanian Navy, Lithuanian Air Force (LTAF), Lithuanian Special Operations Forces (LITHSOF); National Defense Volunteer Forces (2025)
active duty personnel: 37,000
note: note 1: the National Rifleman's Union is a civilian paramilitary organization supported by the Lithuanian Government, which cooperates with the military but is not part of it; however, in a state of war, its armed formations would fall under the Armed Forces note 2: the Lithuanian Police and State Border Guard Service are under the Ministry of Interior; in wartime, the State Border Guard Service becomes part of the armed forces
percent of total labor force: 2.48 %

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 20,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military deployments

note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory is a mix of mostly European and US armaments (2025)

Military expenditures

3 % of GDP
current USD: $2,627,474,142
Military Expenditures 2021: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 2.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 3.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2025: 4% of GDP (2025 est.)
percent of central government expenditure: 7.92 %
percent of GDP: 3.12 % of GDP

Military service age and obligation

19-26 years of age for conscripted military service for men; 9-month service obligation; 18-38 for voluntary service for men and women; 18-60 for the National Defense Volunteer Services (2025)
note: note 1: in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; it conscripts up to 4,000 men each year; conscripts are selected using an automated lottery system note 2: as of 2020, women comprised about 12% of the military's full-time personnel

Military strength ranking

PowerIndex score: 1.8949

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Refugees: 53,859 (2024 est.)
Stateless persons: 2,236 (2024 est.)

Environment

Carbon dioxide emissions

From coal and metallurgical coke: 380,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 2.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 9.61 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Total emissions: 12.877 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

water pollution; air pollution; deforestation; groundwater pollution from chemicals and waste; soil degradation and erosion

International environmental agreements

Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

11.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Protected areas

18 % of total land area

Renewable electricity output

44 % of total

Total renewable water resources

24.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

2 % of internal resources
Agricultural: 58.74 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial: 87.96 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal: 136.78 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.315 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 34.9% (2022 est.)