1985 Edition

Agriculture

land intensively cultivated; rice, sugar, vegetables, fruits; 72% self-sufficient in food (1980); food shortages — meat, wheat, feed grains, edible oils and fats

main crops — vegetables, fruits, olive oil, wheat; not self-sufficient in many foodstuffs

Aid

donor — bilateral economic commitments (ODA and OOF), $31.5 billion (1970-83)

economic commitments — US, including Ex-Im (1970-83), $1.2 billion; Western (nonUS) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $744 million; military— US (FY70-83), $1.1 billion

Aircraft

23 F-15, 130 F-4, and 90 F-104 fighter interceptors; 14 RF-4E reconnaissance aircraft; 65 F-l fighter-support aircraft; 31 C-l, 10 YS-11 transport aircraft; 50 T-l, 70 T-2, 50 T-3, 60 T-33A trainers

Airfields

181 total, 161 usable; 124 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 25 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 50 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

25 total, 21 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

372,313 km2; slightly smaller than California; 69% forest; 16% arable and cultivated, 12% urban and waste, 3% grass Water

Branches

Emperor is merely symbol of state; executive power is vested in Cabinet dominated by the Prime Minister, chosen by the lower house of the bicameral, elective legislature— Diet (House of Councilors, House of Representatives); judiciary is independent

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (army), Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force (air force), Maritime Safety Agency (coast guard)

King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with House of Representatives last chosen by national elections in April 1967, dissolved by King in February 1976, and reconvened in January 1984; Senate last appointed by King in January 1984; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasijudicial functions in desert areas

Jordan Arab Army, Royal Jordanian Air Force, Royal Jordanian Coast Guard

Budget

revenues, $144 billion; expenditures, $21 1 billion; deficit, $67 billion (general account for fiscal year ending March 1985)

(1983) total revenue, $1,977 million; current expenditures, $1,237 million; capital expenditures, $740 million

Capital

Tokyo

Amman

Civil air

265 major transport aircraft

25 major transport aircraft

Coastline

13,685 km People

26 km People

Communists

approximately 470,000 registered Communist Party members

party actively repressed, membership estimated at less than 500

Crude steel

97 million metric tons produced (1983)

Elections

general elections held every four years or upon dissolution of lower house, triennially for half of upper house Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Y. Nakasone, president; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), M. Ishibashi, chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), R. Sasaki, chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), T. Fuwa, Presidium chairman; Clean Government Party (CGP), Y. Takeiri, chairman; New Liberal Club (NLC), Y. Kono; Social Democratic Federation (SDF), S. Eda

Electric power

168,700,000 kW capacity (1984); 609 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,075 kWh per capita

659,000 kW capacity (1984); 2.078 billion kWh produced (1984), 772 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

99.4% Japanese, 0.6% other (mostly Korean)

98% Arab, 1% Circassian, 1% Armenian

Exports

$146.9 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 97% manufactures (including 25% machinery, 18% motor vehicles, 9% iron and steel)

$580 million (f .o.b., 1983); fruits and vegetables, phosphate rock; Communist share 13% of total (1983)

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 10.8 million metric tons (1982)

GNP

$1,156 billion (1983, at 237.52 yen=US$l); $9,695 per capita (1983); 59% personal consumption, 28% investment, 10% government current expenditure, negligible stocks, and 2% foreign balance; real growth rate 3.0% (1983); average annual growth rate (1978-82), 4.2%

$5.1 billion (1983), $1,971 per capita; real growth rate (1983), 3.7%

Government leader

HUSSEIN I, King (since August 1952)

Government leaders

HIROHITO, Emperor (since December 1926); Yasuhiro NAKASONE, Prime Minister (since November 1982)

Highways

1,1 13,388 km total (1980); 510,904 km paved, 602,484 km gravel, crushed stone, or unpaved; 2,579 km national expressways, 40,212 km national highways, 43,907 km principal local roads, 86,930 km pref ectural roads, 939,760 km municipal roads

6,332 total; 4,837 paved, 1,495 gravel and crushed stone

Imports

$126.4 billion (c.i.f., 1983); 47% fossil fuels, 22.4% manufactures, 12% foodstuffs, 8% machinery

$3,036 million (c.i.f., 1983); petroleum products, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 7% of total (1983)

Inland waterways

approx. 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal "inland seas"

Labor force

(1983)58.9 million; 52% trade and services; 35% manufacturing, mining, and construction; 10% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 3% government; 2.7% unemployed

463,000

Land boundaries

1,770 km (1967) Water

Language

Japanese

Arabic official; English widely understood among upper and middle classes

Legal system

civil law system with EnglishAmerican influence; constitution promulgated in 1946; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm except 3 nm in five international straits (fishing 200 nm)

3 nm

Literacy

99%

about 70%

Major industries

metallurgical and engineering industries, electrical and electronic industries, textiles, chemicals

phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement production, light manufacturing

Major trade partners

exports — 29% US, 23% Southeast Asia, 16% Western Europe, Japan (continued) Jordan (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) 12% Middle East, 6% Communist countries, imports— 27% Middle East, 22% Southeast Asia, 19% US, 8% Western Europe, 6% Communist countries

Member of

ADB, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB— Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC — International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICA'O, IDA, IDB— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

actual for fiscal year ending 31 March 1986, $12.8 billion; 5.98% of total budget 100km Boundary representation is isafl)i authoritative

Military manpower

males 15-49, 31,516,000; 26,283,000 fit for military service; about 865,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 630,000; 445,000 fit for military service; 40,000 reach military age (18) annually

Missiles

6 operational NIKE-Hercules groups, 8 operational HAWK groups (NIKE in air force, HAWK in ground force)

Monetary conversion rate

251.40 yen=US$l (2 January 1985)

.363 Jordanian dinar=US$l (1983 average)

National holiday

Birthday of the Emperor, 29 April

Independence Day, 25 May

Nationality

noun — Japanese (sing., pi); adjective— Japanese

noun — Jordanian(s); adjective— Jordanian

NOTE

the war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of the West Bank; as stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and reaffirmed by the President's 1 September 1982 peace initiative, the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the concerned parties; Camp David further specifies that these negotiations will resolve the location of the respective boundaries; pending the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip has yet to be determined (see West Bank and Gaza Strip "Factsheet"). Land 97,740 km2; slightly larger than Indiana; 88% desert, waste, or urban; 11% agricultural; 1% forest

Official name

Japan

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Organized labor

about 30% of labor force Government

about 10% of labor force Government

Personnel

Ground Self-Defense Force, 156,000; Maritime Self-Defense Force, 42,100 (including 11, 900 air arm); Air SelfDefense Force, 43,400; Maritime Safety Agency, 11,200

Pipelines

crude oil, 131 km; natural gas, 1,800 km; refined products, 275 km

crude oil, 209 km

Political subdivisions

47 prefectures

five governorates under centrally appointed officials

Population

120,691, 000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.6%

2,794,000, excluding West Bank and East Jerusalem (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.8%

Ports

17 Japanese Port Association specifically designated major ports, 110 other major ports, over 2,000 minor ports

1 major (Aqaba)

Railroads

21,387 km total (1982); 1,835 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 19,552 km predominantly 1.067-meter narrow gauge, 5,690 km doubleand multitrack sections, 8,830 km 1.067-meter narrow gauge electrified, 1,804 km 1.435-meter standard gauge electrified

817 km 1.050-meter gauge, single track

Religion

most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong toother faiths, including 0.8% Christian

90-92% Sunni Muslim, 8-10% Christian

Ships

50 destroyers/frigates, 14 submarines, 50 mine warfare, 8 amphibious, 15 auxiliary and over 300 surface craft (an additional 520 patrol and service craft operate under the jurisdiction of the Marine Safety Agency)

Shortages

fossil fuels, most industrial raw materials

Suffrage

universal over age 20

all citizens over age 20 Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957

Supply

defense industry potential is large, with capability of producing the most sophisticated equipment; manufactured equipment includes small arms artillery, armored vehicles, and other types of ground forces materiel, aircraft (jet and prop), naval vessels (submarines, guided missile and other destroyers, patrol craft, mine warfare ships, and other minor craft, including amphibious, auxiliaries, service craft, and small support ships), small amounts of all types of army materiel; several missile systems are produced under US license, and a vigorous domestic missile development program exists

Telecommunications

excellent domestic and international service; 58.0 million telephones (49.5 per 100 popl.); 318 AM stations, 58 FM stations plus 436 relay stations; about 7,800 TV stations (196 major— 1 kw or greater), and 2 ground satellite stations; submarine cables to US (via Guam), Philippines, China, and USSR » Defense Forces

adequate system of radio-relay, cable, and radio; 81,300 telephones (3 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 2 FM, 24 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 1 Arab satellite station under construction; coaxial cable and radio-relay to Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; radio-relay to Lebanon inactive Defense Forces

Type

constitutional monarchy

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(1983 election) Lower House— 45.8% LDP, 19.5% JSP, 10.1% CGP, 9.3% JCP, 7,3% DSP, 2.4% NLC, 0.7% SDF, 5% independents and minor parties; Upper House— 35.3% LDP, 24.3% JSP, 10.5% JCP, 7.8% CGP, 5.7% DSP, 1.2% NLC, 0.0% SDF, 11.8% independents and minor parties