2018 Edition

CIA World Factbook 2018 Archive (Wayback Machine)

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Countries

268

Data Records

69,324

Grenada

2018 Edition · 273 data fields

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Introduction

Background

Carib Indians inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS discovered the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974 making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1979, a leftist New Jewel Movement seized power under Maurice BISHOP ushering in the Grenada Revolution. On 19 October 1983, factions within the revolutionary government overthrew and killed BISHOP and members of his party. Six days later the island was invaded by US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations, which quickly captured the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. The rule of law was restored and democratic elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since then.

Geography

Area

land: 344 sq km
total: 344 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Area Comparative

twice the size of Washington, DC

Climate

tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds

Coastline

121 km

Elevation

0 m lowest point: Caribbean Sea
note: 840 highest point: Mount Saint Catherine

Environment Current Issues

deforestation causing habitat destruction and species loss; coastal erosion and contamination; pollution and sedimentation; inadequate solid waste management

Environment International Agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic Coordinates

12 07 N, 61 40 W

Geography Note

the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada

Irrigated Land

20 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

0 km

Land Use

arable land: 8.8% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 20.6% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 2.9% (2011 est.)
agricultural land: 32.3% (2011 est.)
forest: 50% (2011 est.)
other: 17.7% (2011 est.)

Location

Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago

Map References

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime Claims

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural Hazards

lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to Novembervolcanism: Mount Saint Catherine (840 m) lies on the island of Grenada; Kick 'em Jenny, an active submarine volcano (seamount) on the Caribbean Sea floor, lies about 8 km north of the island of Grenada; these two volcanoes are at the southern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends up to the Netherlands dependency of Saba in the north

Natural Resources

timber, tropical fruit

Population Distribution

approximately one-third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast

Terrain

volcanic in origin with central mountains

People and Society

Age Structure

0-14 years: 23.84% (male 13,901 /female 12,851)
15-24 years: 14.61% (male 8,196 /female 8,201)
25-54 years: 40.27% (male 23,121 /female 22,067)
55-64 years: 10.97% (male 6,284 /female 6,023)
65 years and over: 10.31% (male 5,377 /female 6,186) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

15.2 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Death Rate

8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency Ratios

elderly dependency ratio: 10.8 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 9.3 (2015 est.)
total dependency ratio: 50.7 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 39.9 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

improved: urban: 99% of population

rural: 95.3% of population

total: 96.6% of population

unimproved: urban: 1% of population

rural: 4.7% of population

total: 3.4% of population (2015 est.)

Education Expenditures

10.3% of GDP (2016)

Ethnic Groups

African descent 82.4%, mixed 13.3%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.)

Health Expenditures

6.1% of GDP (2014)

Hiv Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

Hiv Aids Deaths

Hiv Aids People Living With Hiv Aids

Hospital Bed Density

3.7 beds/1,000 population (2014)

Infant Mortality Rate

female: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
male: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
total: 9.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

English (official), French patois

Life Expectancy At Birth

female: 77.6 years (2018 est.)
male: 72.1 years (2018 est.)
total population: 74.8 years (2018 est.)

Major Infectious Diseases

note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

Major Urban Areas Population

39,000 SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) (2018)

Maternal Mortality Rate

27 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median Age

female: 32.2 years (2018 est.)
male: 32 years
total: 32.1 years

Nationality

adjective: Grenadian
noun: Grenadian(s)

Net Migration Rate

-2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

21.3% (2016)

Population

112,207 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

0.42% (2018 est.)

Religions

Protestant 49.2% (includes Pentecostal 17.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 13.2%, Anglican 8.5%, Baptist 3.2%, Church of God 2.4%, Evangelical 1.9%, Methodist 1.6%, other 1.2%), Roman Catholic 36%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Rastafarian 1.2%, other 5.5%, none 5.7%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

improved: urban: 97.5% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 98.3% of population (2015 est.)

total: 98% of population (2015 est.)

unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population (2015 est.)

rural: 1.7% of population (2015 est.)

total: 2% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

female: 17 years (2015)
male: 17 years (2015)
total: 17 years (2015)

Sex Ratio

0-14 years: 1.08 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
55-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

2 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
urban population: 36.3% of total population (2018)

Government

Administrative Divisions

6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick

Capital

geographic coordinates: 12 03 N, 61 45 W
name: Saint George's
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years for persons from a non-Caribbean state and 4 years for a person from a Caribbean state

Constitution

amendments: proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent to by the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended 1991, 1992 (2018)
history: previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution, but restored in 1983 (2018)

Country Name

conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Grenada
etymology: derivation of the name remains obscure; some sources attribute the designation to Spanish influence (most likely named for the Spanish city of Granada), with subsequent French and English interpretations resulting in the present-day Grenada; in Spanish "granada" means "pomegranate"

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

chief of mission: the US does not have an embassy in Grenada; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada
embassy: Lance-aux-Epines Stretch, Saint George's
FAX: [1] (473) 444-4820
mailing address: P. O. Box 54, Saint George's
telephone: [1] (473) 444-1173 through 1176

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

chancery: 1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
chief of mission: Ambassador Ethelstan Angus FRIDAY (since 3 September 2013)
consulate(s) general: Miami
FAX: [1] (202) 265-2468
telephone: [1] (202) 265-2561

Executive Branch

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
head of government: Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL (since 20 February 2013)

Flag Description

a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is a leading nutmeg producer); the seven stars stand for the seven administrative divisions, with the central star denoting the capital, St. George; yellow represents the sun and the warmth of the people, green stands for vegetation and agriculture, and red symbolizes harmony, unity, and courage

Government Type

parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

7 February 1974 (from the UK)

International Law Organization Participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO

Judicial Branch

highest courts: regionally, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside at the member states with 2 in Grenada; appeals beyond the ECSC in civil and criminal matters are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the UK
judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals

Legal System

common law based on English model

Legislative Branch

description: bicameral Parliament consists of:Senate (13 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 10 on the advice of the prime minister and 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms) House of Representatives (15 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NNP 58.9%, NDC 40.5%; other 0.6% seats by party - NNP 15
elections: House of Representatives - last held on 13 March 2018 (next to be not later than 2023)

National Anthem

lyrics/music: Irva Merle BAPTISTE/Louis Arnold MASANTO
name: Hail Grenada
note: adopted 1974

National Holiday

Independence Day, 7 February (1974)

National Symbol S

Grenada dove, bougainvillea flower; national colors: red, yellow, green

Political Parties And Leaders

National Democratic Congress or NDC [Nazim BURKE]New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economy

Agriculture Products

bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, soursop, citrus, avocados, root crops, corn, vegetables, fish

Budget

expenditures: 252.3 million (2017 est.)
revenues: 288.4 million (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

6.5% (31 December 2009)

6.5% (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

8.31% (31 December 2017 est.)

8.64% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current Account Balance

-$77 million (2017 est.)

-$34 million (2016 est.)

Debt External

$793.5 million (2017 est.)

$682.3 million (2016 est.)

Economy Overview

Grenada relies on tourism and revenue generated by St. George’s University - a private university offering degrees in medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, the health sciences, nursing, arts and sciences, and business - as its main source of foreign exchange. In the past two years the country expanded its sources of revenue, including from selling passports under its citizenship by investment program. These projects produced a resurgence in the construction and manufacturing sectors of the economy.In 2017, Grenada experienced its fifth consecutive year of growth and the government successfully marked the completion of its five-year structural adjustment program that included among other things austerity measures, increased tax revenue and debt restructuring. Public debt-to-GDP was reduced from 100% of GDP in 2013 to 71.8% in 2017.

Exchange Rates

East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -

2.7 (2017 est.)

2.7 (2016 est.)

2.7 (2015 est.)

2.7 (2014 est.)

2.7 (2013 est.)

Exports

$39.9 million (2017 est.)

$44.2 million (2016 est.)

Exports Commodities

nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace, chocolate, fish

Exports Partners

US 25.3%, Japan 10.1%, Guyana 8.7%, Dominica 6.6%, St. Lucia 6.4%, Netherlands 4.7%, Barbados 4.1%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Gdp Composition By End Use

exports of goods and services: 60% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 12% (2017 est.)
household consumption: 63% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -55% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 20% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est.)

Gdp Composition By Sector Of Origin

agriculture: 6.8% (2017 est.)
industry: 15.5% (2017 est.)
services: 77.7% (2017 est.)

Gdp Official Exchange Rate

$1.119 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Gdp Per Capita Ppp

$15,100 (2017 est.); $14,500 (2016 est.); $14,000 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Purchasing Power Parity

$1.634 billion (2017 est.); $1.555 billion (2016 est.); $1.5 billion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars

Gdp Real Growth Rate

5.1% (2017 est.)

3.7% (2016 est.)

6.4% (2015 est.)

Gross National Saving

11.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

17% of GDP (2016 est.)

13.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%: NA

Imports

$316 million (2017 est.)

$314.7 million (2016 est.)

Imports Commodities

food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel

Imports Partners

US 31.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 24.9%, China 6.7% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

10% (2017 est.)

Industries

food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction, education, call-center operations

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

0.9% (2017 est.)

1.7% (2016 est.)

Labor Force

55,270 (2017 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

agriculture: 11%
industry: 20%
services: 69% (2008 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

note: NA

Population Below Poverty Line

38% (2008 est.)

Public Debt

70.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

82% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

$199.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$198 million (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock Of Broad Money

$223.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$214 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

$550 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$566.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock Of Narrow Money

$223.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$214 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes And Other Revenues

25.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

24% (2017 est.)

28.2% (2016 est.)

Energy

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2017 est.)
total: 22,235 (2017 est.)

Broadcast Media

multiple publicly and privately owned television and radio stations; Grenada Information Service (GIS) is government-owned and provides television and radio services; the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; Meaningful Television (MTV) broadcasts island-wide and is part of a locally-owned media house, Moving Target Company, that also includes an FM radio station and a weekly newspaper; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is provided by Columbus Communications Grenada (FLOW GRENADA) and is available island wide; approximately 25 private radio stations also broadcast throughout the country (2018)

Internet Country Code

.gd

Internet Users

percent of population: 55.9% (July 2016 est.)
total: 62,123 (July 2016 est.)

Telephone System

domestic: interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links; 29 per 100 for fixed-line and 101 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2018)
general assessment: adequate, automatic, island-wide telephone system; lack of local competition but telecoms are a high contibutor to overall GDP (2018)
international: country code - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; also a landing point for the Southern Caribbean Fiber (SCF) submarine cable with links to 10 other islands in the Caribbean extending from Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis to Trinidad and Tobago; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad (2018)

Telephones Fixed Lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2017 est.)
total subscriptions: 32,491 (2017 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 101 (2017 est.)
total subscriptions: 113,177 (2017 est.)

Transportation

Airports

3 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2017)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2017)
total: 3 (2017)
under 914 m: 1 (2017)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

J3 (2016)

Merchant Marine

by type: general cargo 3, other 3 (2017)
total: 6 (2017)

National Air Transport System

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 0 mt-km (2015)
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 0 (2015)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 0 (2015)
number of registered air carriers: 0 (2015)

Ports And Terminals

major seaport(s): Saint George's

Roadways

paved: 902 km (2017)
total: 1,127 km (2017)
unpaved: 225 km (2017)

Military and Security

Military Branches

no regular military forces; Royal Grenada Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2010)

Transnational Issues

Disputes International

none

Illicit Drugs

small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US