1989 Edition

Climate

Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers

tropical

temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

Coastline

12 km

35.2 km

4,964 km

Comparative area

about 1 1 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

slightly more than twice the size of Oregon

Contiguous zone

1 2 nm Continental shelf :2QQ meters or to depth of exploitation

Continental shelf

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Disputes

source of occasional friction between Spain and the UK

claimed by Madagascar

Gibraltar question with UK; controls two presidios or places of sovereignty (Ceuta and Melilla) on the north coast of Morocco

Environment

natural freshwater sources are meager so large water catchments (concrete or natural rock) collect rain water

subject to periodic cyclones

deforestation; air pollution

Exclusive fishing zone

3 nm

Extended economic zone

200 nm

200 nm

Land boundaries

1.2 km with Spain

none

1,903.2 km total; Andorra 65 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km

Land use

0% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 100% other

0% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 100% other — lush vegetation and coconut palms

31% arable land; 10% permanent crops; 21% meadows and pastures; 31% forest and woodland; 7% other; includes 6% irrigated

Natural resources

negligible

guano, coconuts

coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower

Note

strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

located in the Indian Ocean just north of the Mozambique Channel between Africa and Madagascar

strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Terrain

a narrow coastal lowland borders The Rock

undetermined

large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north

Territorial sea

3 nm

12 nm

1 2 nm

Total area

6.5 km2; land area: 6.5 km2

5 km2; land area: 5 km2; includes lie Glorieuse, lie du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock

504,750 km2; land area: 499,400 km2; includes Balaeric Islands, Canary Islands, Ceuta, Mellila, bias Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera

Birth rate

18 births/ 1,000 population (1990)

31 births/ 1,000 population (1990)

Birthrate

II births/ 1,000 population (1990)

Death rate

8 deaths/ 1,000 population (1990)

8 deaths/ 1,000 population (1990)

8 deaths/ 1,000 population (1990)

Ethnic divisions

mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, and Spanish descent

99.1% Arab-Berber, 0.7% non-Moroccan, 0.2% Jewish

composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types

Infant mortality rate

6 deaths/ 1,000 live births (1990)

78 deaths/ 1,000 live births (1990)

6 deaths/ 1,000 live births (1990)

Labor force

about 14,800 (including nonGibraltar laborers); UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of the labor force

7,400,000; 50% agriculture, 26% services, 1 5% industry, 9% other (1985)

14,621,000; 53% services, 24% industry, 14% agriculture, 9% construction (1988)

Language

English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for official purposes

Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of business, government, diplomacy, and postprimary education

Castilian Spanish; second languages include 17% Catalan, 7% Galician, and 2% Basque

Life expectancy at birth

72 years male, 78 years female (1990)

63 years male, 66 years female (1990)

75 years male, 82 years female (1990)

Literacy

99% (est.)

28%

97%

Nationality

noun — Gibraltarian; adjective— Gibraltar

noun — Moroccan(s); adjective— Moroccan

noun — Spaniard(s); adjective— Spanish

Net migration rate

-8 migrants/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

— 1 migrants/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

0 migrants/ 1 ,000 population (1990)

Organized labor

over 6,000

about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT) and the Democratic Confederation of Labor (CDT)

less 10% of labor force (1988)

Population

29,572 (July 1990), growth rate 0.1% (1990)

uninhabited

25,648,241 (July 1990). growth rate 2.2% (1990)

39,268,715 (July 1990), growth rate 0.3% (1990)

Religion

75% Roman Catholic, 8% Church of England, 2.25% Jewish

98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish

99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects

Total fertility rate

2.4 children born/ woman (1990)

4.0 children born/ woman (1990)

1.4 children born/ woman (1990)

Administrative divisions

none (colony of the UK)

36 provinces (provinces, singular — province) and 2 municipalities* (wilayas, singular — wilaya); Agadir, Al Hocei'ma, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Ben Slimane, Boulemane, Casablanca*, Chaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Er Rachidia, Essaouira, Fes, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Khenifra, Khouribga, Laayoune, Marrakech, Meknes, Nador, Ouarzazate, Oujda, Rabat-Sale*, San, Settat, Sidi Kacem, Tanger, Tan-Tan, Taounate, Taroudannt, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit

1 7 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular — comunidad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Extremadura, Galicia, Islas Baleares, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco, Valenciana

Capital

Gibraltar

Rabat

Madrid

Communists

negligible

about 2,000

PCE membership declined from a possible high of 160,000 in 1977 to roughly 60,000 in 1987; the party gained almost 1 million voters and 10 deputies in the 1989 election; voters came mostly from the disgruntled socialist left; remaining strength is in labor, where it dominates the Workers Commissions trade union (one of the country's two major labor centrals), which claims a membership of about 1 million; experienced a modest recovery in 1986 national election, nearly doubling the share of the vote it received in 1982

Constitution

30 May 1969

10 March 1972

6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Diplomatic representation

none (colony of the UK)

Ambassador Ali BENGELLOUN; Chancery at 1601 21st Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 462-7979; there is a Moroccan Consulate General in New York; US— Ambassador Michael USSERY; Embassy at 2 Avenue de Marrakech, Rabat (mailing address is P. O. Box 120, Rabat, or APO New York 09284); telephone [212] (7) 622-65; there are US Consulates General in Casablanca and Tangier

Ambassador Julian SANTAMARIA; Chancery at 2700 15th Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 265-0190 or 0191; there are Spanish Consulates General in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico); US— Ambassador Joseph ZAPPALA; Embassy at Serrano 75, Madrid 6 (mailing address is APO New York 09285); telephone [34] (1) 276-3400 or 3600; there is a US Consulate General in Barcelona and a Consulate in Bilbao

Elections

House of Assembly: last held on 24 March 1988 (next to be held March 1992); results — percent of vote by party NA; seats— (18 total, 15 elected) SL 8, GCL/AACR 7

Chamber of Representatives — last held on 14 September 1984 (were scheduled for September 1990, but postponed until NA 1992); results — percent of vote by party NA; seats — (306 total, 206 elected) CU 83, RNI 61, MP 47, Istiqlal 41, USFP 36, PND 24, others 14

The Courts General — last held 29 October 1989 (next to be held October 1993); results— PSOE 39.6%, PP 25.8%, CDS 9%, Communist-led coalition (IU) 9%, CiU 5%, Basque Nationalist Party 1.2%, HB 1%, Andalusian Party 1%, others 8.4%; seats — (350 total, 18 vacant pending new elections caused by voting irregularities) PSOE 176, PP 106, CiU 18, IU 17, CDS 14, PNV 5, HB 4, others 10

Executive branch

British monarch, governor, chief minister, Gibraltar Council, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

monarch, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

monarch, president of the government (prime minister), deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet), Council of State

Flag

two horizontal bands of white (top, double-width) and red with a Glorioso Islands (French possession) three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band

red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is the traditional color of Islam

three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar

Independence

none (colony of the UK)

2 March 1956 (from France)

1 492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)

Judicial branch

Supreme Court, Court of Appeal

Supreme Court

Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo)

Leaders

Chief of St ate— Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter TERRY (since NA 1985); Head of Government — Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since NA March 1988) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Labor Party (SL), Joe Bossano; Gibraltar Labor Party/ Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), Adolfo Canepa; Independent Democratic Party, Joe Pitaluga

Chief of State— King HASSAN II (since 3 March 1961); Head of Government — Prime Minister Dr. Azzedine LARAKI (since 30 September 1986) Political parties and leaders: Morocco has 15 political parties; the major ones are Istiqlal Party, M'Hamed Boucetta; Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), Abderrahim Bouabid; Popular Movement (MP), Secretariat General; National Assembly of Independents (RNI), Ahmed Osman; National Democratic Party (PND), Mohamed Arsalane El-Jadidi; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), Ali Yata; Constitutional Union (UC), Maati Bouabid

Chief of State— King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Head of Government — Prime Minister Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez (since 2 December 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso GUERRA Gonzalez (since 2 December 1982) Political parties and leaders: principal national parties, from right to left — Popular Party (PP), Jose Maria Aznar; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Luis de Grandes; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Adolfo Suarez Gonzalez; Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Felipe Gonzalez Marquez; Spanish Communist Party (PCE), Julio Anguita; chief regional parties — Convergence and Unity (CiU), Jordi Pujol Saley, in Catalonia; Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Xabier Arzallus; Basque Solidarity (EA), Carlos Garaicoetxea Urizza; Basque Popular Unity (HB), Jon Idigoras; Basque Left (EE), Juan Maria Bandries Molet; Andalusian Party (PA); Independent Canary Group (AIC); Aragon Regional Party (PAR); Valencian Union (UV)

Legal system

English law

based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court

civil law system, with regional applications; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral House of Assembly

unicameral Chamber of Representatives (Majlis al Nuwab)

bicameral The General Courts or National Assembly (Las Cortes Generales) consists of an upper house or Senate (Senado) and a lower house or Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados)

Long-form name

none

none

Kingdom of Morocco

Kingdom of Spain

Member of

AfDB, Arab League, CCC, EC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB— Islamic Development Bank, I FAD, IFC, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NAM, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Andean Pact (observer), ASSIMER, CCC, Council of Europe, EC, ESA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB— InterAmerican Development Bank, 1EA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, I MO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Spain (continued) Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

National holiday

Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March), 12 March

National Day (anniversary of King Hassan IPs accession to the throne), 3 March (1961)

National Day, 12 October

Other political or pressure groups

Housewives Association, Chamber of Commerce, Gibraltar Representatives Organization

on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism to oppose the government; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977) include the Communist-dominated Workers Commissions (CCOO); the Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union (USO); the Catholic Church; business and landowning interests; Opus Dei; university students

Suffrage

universal at age 1 8, plus other UK subjects resident six months or more

universal at age 21

universal at age 18

Type

dependent territory of the UK

French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic Daniel CONSTANTIN, resident in Reunion GlorioSO Islands (continued)

constitutional monarchy

parliamentary monarchy

Agriculture

NA

50% of employment and 30% of export value; not self-sufficient in food; cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; barley, wheat, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives; fishing catch of 491,000 metric tons in 1987

accounts for 5% of GNP and 14% of labor force; major products — grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus fruit, beef, pork, poultry, dairy; largely self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 1 .4 million metric tons among top 20 nations

Aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $0.8 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $162.5 million

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $1.2 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $6.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-88), $2.3 billion

US commitments, including Ex-lm (FY70-87), $1.9 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-79), $545.0 million

Budget

revenues $105 million; expenditures $104 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY87)

revenues $5.1 billion; expenditures $6.0 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.4 billion (1988)

revenues $57.8 billion; expenditures $66.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $10.4 billion (1987)

Currency

Gibraltar pound (plural — pounds); 1 Gibraltar pound (£G) = 100 pence

Moroccan dirham (plural — dirhams); 1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes

peseta (plural — pesetas); 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

Electricity

46,000 kW capacity; 200 million kWh produced, 6,770 kWh per capita (1989)

2,140,000 kW capacity; 7,760 million kWh produced, 300 kWh per capita (1 989)

46,589,000 kW capacity; 157,040 million kWh produced, 3,980 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates

Gibraltar pounds (£G) per US$1— 0.6055 (January 1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985); note— the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound

Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1— 8.093 (January 1990), 8.488 (1989), 8.209 (1988), 8.359 (1987), 9.104 (1986), 10.062(1985)

pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 — 109.69 (January 1990), 118.38(1989), 116.49(1988), 123.48(1987), 140.05 (1986), 170.04(1985)

Exports

$62.2 million (1985); commodities— (principally reexports) petroleum 75%, beverages and tobacco 12%, manufactured goods 8%; partners — UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG

$3.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities— food and beverages 30%, semiprocessed goods 23%, consumer goods 21%, phosphates 1 7%; partners — EC India 7%, Japan 5%, USSR 3%, US 2%

$40.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities— foodstuffs, live animals, wood, footwear, machinery, chemicals; partners— EC 66%, US 8%, other developed countries 9%

External debt

SNA

$22.2 billion (1989)

$32.7 billion (1988)

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

calendar year

calendar year

GDP

$21.9 billion, per capita $880 (1988); real growth rate 4.5% (1989 est.)

GNP

$129 million, per capita $4,450; real growth rate NA% (FY85)

$398.7 billion, per capita $10,100; real growth rate 4.8% (1989 est.)

Illicit drugs

illicit producer of cannabis; trafficking on the increase for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of cannabis mostly directed to Western Europe; occasional transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe.

Imports

$147 million (1985); commodities— manufactured goods, fuels, and foodstuffs; partners — UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG

$5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities— capital goods 24%, semiprocessed goods 22%, raw materials 16%, fuel and lubricants 16%, food and beverages 13%, consumer goods 10%; partners — EC 53%, US 1 1%, Canada 4%, Iraq 3%, USSR 3%, Japan 2%

$60.4 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities— petroleum, footwear, machinery, chemicals, grain, soybeans, coffee, tobacco, iron and steel, timber, cotton, transport equipment; partners — EC 57%, US 9%, other developed countries 1 3%, Middle East 3%

Industrial production

growth rate NA%

growth rate 4% (1989 est.)

growth rate 3.0% (1988)

Industries

tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large UK naval and air bases; transit trade and supply depot in the port; light manufacturing of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish

phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism

textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.4% (1986)

6% (1989)

7.0% (1989 est.)

Overview

The economy depends heavily on British defense expenditures, revenue from tourists, fees for services to shipping, and revenues from banking and finance activities. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public sector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the level of employment. Construction workers are particularly affected when government expenditures are cut.

After registering a robust 10% growth in 1988, the economy slowed in 1989 because of higher prices for food and oil imports, lower worker remittances, and a trade dispute with India over phosphoric acid prices that cost Rabat $500 million. To meet the foreign payments shortfall, Rabat has been drawing down foreign exchange reserves. Servicing the $22 billion foreign debt, high unemployment, and Morocco's vulnerability to external forces remain severe problems for the 1 990s.

This Western capitalistic economy has done well since Spain joined the European Economic Community in 1986. With increases in real GNP of 5.5% in 1987 and about 5% in 1988 and 1989, Spain has been the fastest growing member of the EC. Increased investment — both domestic and foreign — has been the most important factor pushing the economic expansion. Inflation moderated to 4.8% in 1988, but an overheated economy caused inflation to reach an estimated 7% in 1989. Another economic problem facing Spain is an unemployment rate of 16.5%, the highest in Europe.

Unemployment rate

NA%

15% (1988)

16.5% (1989 est.)

Airports

1 with permanent-surface runway 1,220-2,439 m

75 total, 68 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 27 with runways 1,2202,439 m

1 10 total, 103 usable; 62 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m; 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 29 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Branches

Royal Moroccan Army, Royal Moroccan Navy, Royal Moroccan Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie

Army, Navy, Air Force

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

23 major transport aircraft

142 major transport aircraft

Defense expenditures

7.1% of GDP (1987) Nacula iielimann

2.1% of GDP, or $8.4 billion (1989 est.)

Highways

50 km, mostly good bitumen and concrete

59,198 km total; 27,740 km bituminous treated, 31,458 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth, and unimproved earth

150,839 km total; 82,513 km national (includes 2,433 km limited-access divided highway, 63,042 km bituminous treated, 17,038 km intermediate bituminous, concrete, or stone block) and 68,326 km provincial or local roads (bituminous treated, intermediate bituminous, or stone block)

Inland waterways

1 ,045 km, but of minor economic importance

Merchant marine

45 ships (1,000 CRT or over) totaling 2,126,060 GRT/4, 189,948 DWT; includes 1 0 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 container, 16 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker 1 combination oil/ore, 1 liquefied gas, 1 3 bulk; note — a flag of convenience registry

54 ships (1,000 CRT or over) totaling 334,931 GRT/5 13,762 DWT; includes I 1 cargo, 2 container, 14 refrigerated cargo, 5 roll-on/roll-ofT cargo, MorOCCO (continued) Mozambique 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 2 chemical tanker, 4 bulk, 3 short-sea passenger

324 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,492,563 GRT/ 6,128,190 DWT; includes 2 passenger, 9 short-sea passenger, 121 cargo, 19 refrigerated cargo, 17 container, 23 roll-on/rolloff cargo, 51 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 16 chemical tanker, 10 liquefied gas, I specialized tanker, 1 combination ore/oil, 49 bulk, 5 vehicle carrier

Military manpower

males 15-49, 6,203,759; 3,946,408 fit for military service; 293,893 reach military age (18) annually; limited conscription

males 1 5-49, 10,032,649; 8,141,384 fit for military service; 338,582 reach military age (20) annually

Note

defense is the responsibility of the UK 3km Indian Ocean

Pipelines

362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas

265 km crude oil; 1 ,794 km refined products; 1,666 km natural gas

Ports

Gibraltar

Agadir, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla

Algeciras, Alicante, Almeria, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, El Ferrol del Caudillo, Puerto de Gijon, Huelva, La Corufta, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Mahon, Malaga, Melilla, Rota, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Sagunto, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo, and 175 minor ports

Railroads

1 .000-meter-gauge system in dockyard area only

1,893 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (246 km double track, 974 km electrified)

15,430 km total; Spanish National Railways (RENFE) operates 12,691 km 1.668-meter gauge, 6,184 km electrified, and 2,295 km double track; FEVE (government-owned narrow-gauge railways) operates 1,821 km of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge and 441 km electrified; privately owned railways operate 918 km of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge, 512 km electrified, and 56 km double track

Telecommunications

adequate international radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system with 10,500 telephones; stations— 1 AM, 6 FM, 4 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station Defense Forces

good system composed of wire lines, cables, and radio relay links; principal centers are Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers are Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier, and Tetouan; 280,000 telephones; stations— 14 AM, 6 FM, 47 TV; 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations — 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 ARABSAT; radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable to Algeria; microwave network linking Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco Defense Forces

generally adequate, modern facilities; 15,310,000 telephones; stations— 196 AM, 404 (134 relays) FM, 143 (1,297 relays) TV; 17 coaxial submarine cables; communications satellite earth stations operating in INTELSAT (5 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean), MARISAT, and ENTELSAT systems Defense Forces