2025 Edition Primary

Background

Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874.<br><br>The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin.

Area

Land

18,274 sq km

Total

18,274 sq km

Water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate

tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

Coastline

1,129 km

Continent

Oceania

Elevation

Highest point

Tomanivi 1,324 m

Lowest point

Pacific Ocean 0 m

Geographic coordinates

18 00 S, 175 00 E

Geography - note

consists of 332 islands, approximately 110 of which are inhabited, and more than 500 islets

Irrigated land

40 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

Total

0 km

Land use

Agricultural land

17.1% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 3.4% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 9.5% (2023 est.)

arable land

4.2%

Forest

61.7% (2023 est.)

Other

21.2% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

3.38%

Landlocked

No

Location

Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand

Map links

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/r9fhDqoLZdg1zmE99

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/571747

Map references

Oceania

Maritime claims

Contiguous zone

24 nm

Continental shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Exclusive economic zone

200 nm

Note

<strong>note: </strong>measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

cyclonic storms can occur from November to January

Natural resources

timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower

Population distribution

approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas

Subregion

Melanesia

Terrain

mostly mountains of volcanic origin

Time zone

UTC+12:00

number of time zones

1

Age structure

0-14 years

24.7% (male 119,910/female 114,904)

15-64 years

66.4% (male 323,339/female 308,921)

65 years and over

8.9% (2024 est.) (male 39,055/female 45,482)

Alcohol consumption per capita

Beer

1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

0.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

2.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

15.63 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

Men married by age 18

1.7% (2021)

Women married by age 15

0.2% (2021)

Women married by age 18

4% (2021)

Children under 5 years underweight

7.2%

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

4.6% (2021 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

59.2% (2021 est.)

Death rate

6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

185 per 1,000

adult male

247 per 1,000

Dependency ratios

Elderly dependency ratio

13.4 (2024 est.)

Potential support ratio

7.5 (2024 est.)

Total dependency ratio

50.5 (2024 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

37.1 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source

improved total

42.11%

Improved: rural

rural: 91.1% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 95.5% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 98.7% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 8.9% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 4.5% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 1.3% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

13.8% national budget (2025 est.)

Education expenditures

4 % of GDP

Ethnic groups

iTaukei 56.8% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indo-Fijian 37.5%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 4.5% (European, part European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> a 2010 law replaces 'Fijian' with 'iTaukei' when referring to the original and native settlers of Fiji

Gross reproduction rate

1.06 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

4 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

5.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

10.3% of national budget (2022 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2.5%

Hospital bed density

1.9 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Female

8.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

11.1 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

15 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

9.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

English (official), iTaukei (official), Fiji Hindi (official)

languages

English, Fijian, Fiji Hindi

number of languages

3

Life expectancy at birth

Female

77.6 years

Male

72.2 years

Total population

74.8 years (2024 est.)

Literacy

Female

92.4% (2021 est.)

Major urban areas - population

178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

30 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

Female

31.8 years

Male

31.4 years

Total

32 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

21 births/1,000 women 15-19

Nationality

Adjective

Fijian

Noun

Fijian(s)

Net migration rate

-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

30.2% (2016)

Physician density

0.81 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Population

Female

469,307

Male

482,304

Total

951,611 (2024 est.)

Population growth rate

0.38% (2025 est.)

Religions

Protestant 45% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 3.9%, and Anglican 0.8%), Hindu 27.9%, other Christian 10.4%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other 0.3%, none 0.8% (2007 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved total

48.5%

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.86 male(s)/female

At birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Total population

1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

Female

12.9% (2025 est.)

Male

40.8% (2025 est.)

Total

26.8% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Rate of urbanization

1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

58.7% of total population (2023)

Vaccination rate

measles

91%

Administrative divisions

14 provinces and 1 dependency*; Ba, Bua, Cakaudrove, Kadavu, Lau, Lomaiviti, Macuata, Nadroga and Navosa, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ra, Rewa, Rotuma*, Serua, Tailevu

Capital

Etymology

the name means "little hill" in the native Fijian language and may refer to a mound where a temple once stood

Geographic coordinates

18 08 S, 178 25 E

Name

Suva (on Viti Levu)

Time difference

UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Fiji

Dual citizenship recognized

yes

Residency requirement for naturalization

at least 5 years residency out of the 10 years preceding application

Coat of arms

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/fj.svg

Constitution

Amendment process

proposed as a bill by Parliament and supported by at least three quarters of its members, followed by referral to the president and then to the Electoral Commission, which conducts a referendum; passage requires approval by at least three-quarters of registered voters and assent by the president

History

several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013

Country name

alternative spellings

FJ, Viti, Republic of Fiji, Matanitu ko Viti, Fijī Gaṇarājya

Conventional long form

Republic of Fiji

Conventional short form

Fiji

Etymology

the Fijians called their home Viti, but the neighboring Tongans called it Fisi; in the Anglicized spelling of the Tongan pronunciation -- promulgated by explorer Captain James COOK -- the designation became Fiji

FIFA code

FIJ

Local long form

Republic of Fiji (English)/ Matanitu ko Viti (Fijian)

local long form (eng)

Republic of Fiji

Local short form

Fiji (English)/ Viti (Fijian)

Diplomatic representation from the US

Chief of mission

Ambassador Marie DAMOUR (since 24 November 2022); note - also accredited to Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu

Email address and website

<br>SuvaACS@state.gov<br><br>https://fj.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

158 Princes Road, Tamavua, Suva

FAX

[679] 330-2267

Mailing address

4290 Suva Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-4290

Telephone

[679] 331-4466

Diplomatic representation in the US

Chancery

1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036

Chief of mission

Ambassador Ilisoni VUIDREKETI (since 17 June 2024)

Email address and website

<br>info@FijiEmbassyDC.com<br><br>https://www.fijiembassydc.com/

FAX

[1] (202) 466-8325

Telephone

[1] (917) 208-4560

Executive branch

Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament

Chief of state

President Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU (since 12 November 2024)

Election results

<em><br>2024: </em>Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU elected president (People's Alliance) 35 votes, Meli Tora TAVAIQIA (Fiji First) 14 votes<em><br><br>2021:</em> Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE elected president; Wiliame KATONIVERE (People's Alliance) 28 votes, Teimumu KEPA (SODELPA) 23 votes

Election/appointment process

president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister endorsed by the president

Expected date of next election

2027

Head of government

Prime Minister Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA (since 24 December 2022)

Most recent election date

31 October 2024

Flag

<strong>description:</strong> light blue with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the right half of the flag; the shield shows a yellow lion holding a coconut above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George; the four quarters depict sugarcane, a palm tree, a banana bunch, and a white dove<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> blue symbolizes the Pacific Ocean

Flag description

The flag of Fiji has a light blue field. It features the flag of the United Kingdom — the Union Jack — in the canton and the shield of the national coat of arms centered in the fly half.

Flag image

svg

https://flagcdn.com/fj.svg

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

10 October 1970 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions)

Judge selection and term of office

chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court appointed by the president of Fiji on the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission after consulting with the cabinet minister and the House of Representatives committee responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but this requirement may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisne judges appointed for not less than 4 years or more than 7 years, with mandatory retirement at age 65

Subordinate courts

Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)

Legal system

common law system based on the English model

Legislative branch

Electoral system

proportional representation

Expected date of next election

December 2026

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

Parliament

Most recent election date

12/14/2022

Number of seats

55 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

FijiFirst (26); People's Alliance (21); National Federation Party (NFP) (5); Social Democratic Liberal Party (Soldelpa) (3)

Percentage of women in chamber

9.1%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

4 years

National color(s)

light blue

National heritage

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Levuka Historical Port Town

Total World Heritage Sites

1 (cultural)

National holiday

Fiji (Independence) Day, 10 October (1970)

National symbol(s)

Fijian canoe

Political parties

Fiji First <br>Fiji Labor Party or FLP <br>Freedom Alliance (formerly Fiji United Freedom Party or FUFP)<br>National Federation Party or NFP <br>People's Alliance <br>Peoples Democratic Party or PDP <br>Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA <br>Unity Fiji

Start of week

Monday

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

UN Member

Yes

Agricultural products

sugarcane, cassava, taro, vegetables, chicken, coconuts, eggs, ginger, milk, sweet potatoes (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Budget

Expenditures

$1.562 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$1.345 billion (2023 est.)

Currency

code

FJD

name

Fijian dollar (FJD) [$]

Current account balance

$-865,665,341

Current account balance 2020

-$614.13 million (2020 est.)

Current account balance 2021

-$686.577 million (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

-$865.665 million (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$3.87 billion

Debt - external 2023

$1.397 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars

Economic overview

upper-middle income, tourism-based Pacific island economy; susceptible to ocean rises; key energy and infrastructure investments; post-pandemic tourism resurgence; improved debt standing; limited workforce

Exchange rates

Currency

Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

2.169 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

2.071 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

2.201 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

2.25 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

2.268 (2024 est.)

Exports

Exports 2020

$1.23 billion (2020 est.)

Exports 2021

$1.171 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$2.376 billion (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

water, fish, raw sugar, refined petroleum, garments (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

USA 32%, Australia 12%, Tonga 6%, NZ 6%, Samoa 4% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Foreign direct investment

net inflows

$203.61 million

GDP - composition, by end use

Exports of goods and services

57% (2023 est.)

Government consumption

20.8% (2023 est.)

Household consumption

71.7% (2023 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-69.2% (2023 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

18.6% (2023 est.)

Investment in inventories

1.2% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture

8.4% (2024 est.)

Industry

14.1% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

56.2% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$5.841 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP per capita (nominal)

$6,426

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

36.7 (2013)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019

30.7 (2019 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

GNI (gross national income)

$5.6 billion

GNI per capita

$5,820

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Highest 10%

24.2% (2019 est.)

Lowest 10%

3.5% (2019 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

Imports 2020

$1.977 billion (2020 est.)

Imports 2021

$2.344 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$3.434 billion (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, medical instruments, cars, broadcasting equipment, plastics (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

Singapore 25%, China 16%, Australia 15%, NZ 14%, USA 5% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

7.3% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.51%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

4.3% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

2.3% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

4.5% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

387,800 (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

390,290 persons

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture

35.64%

industry

12.65%

services

51.71%

Population below poverty line

24.1% (2019 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

Public debt 2016

47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$14.35 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$11.734 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$12.617 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$13.1 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

3.53%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

19.8% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

7.5% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

3.8% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$15,450

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$12,800 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$13,700 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$14,100 (2024 est.)

Remittances

$424.19 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

9.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

9.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

9.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.6 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$1.557 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$1.548 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$1.6 billion (2024 est.)

Revenue (excl grants)

23 % of GDP

Tax revenue

21 % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues

20.7% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

5.35%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

4.5% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

4.4% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

4.4% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

Female

22.5% (2024 est.)

Male

11.8% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

15.5% (2024 est.)

Coal

Consumption

6 metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

2 metric tons (2022 est.)

Electricity

Consumption

1.048 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

427,000 kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

102.047 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

Electrification - rural areas

86.8%

Electrification - total population

92% (2022 est.)

Electrification - urban areas

97.6%

Electricity generation sources

Biomass and waste

10% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

36.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

50.11%

Hydroelectricity

52.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear

0%

renewable

60.07%

Solar

1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Wind

0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

25.375 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption

10,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Renewable energy consumption

28.4%

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

per 100 inhabitants

3 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

3 (2022 est.)

Total

23,000 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media

Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel; Digicel Fiji operates the Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations, including 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available

Internet country code

.fj

Internet users

Percent of population

79% (2023 est.)

Telephone calling code

+679

Telephones - fixed lines

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

4 (2022 est.)

Total subscriptions

49,000 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100

112 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

574 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

5.33 million (2024 est.)

Air transport

passengers carried

2.15 million passengers

registered carrier departures

26,145 departures

Airports

26 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

DQ

Driving side

Left

Heliports

2 (2025)

Merchant marine

By type

general cargo 21, oil tanker 4, other 49

Total

74 (2023)

Ports

Key ports

Lautoka Harbor, Levuka, Malai, Savusavu Bay, Suva Harbor

Large

0

Medium

0

Ports with oil terminals

4

Small

2

Total ports

5 (2024)

Very small

3

Railways

Narrow gauge

597 km (2008) 0.600-m gauge

Note

<strong>note:</strong> belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December

Total

597 km (2008)

Vehicle registration code

FJI

Military - note

the Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) are responsible for external security but can be assigned some domestic security responsibilities in specific circumstances; the RFMF has a history of intervening in the country’s politics, and it continues to have significant political power; it also has a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations, which have offered experience and a source of financial support; Fiji has sent troops on nearly 20 such missions since first deploying personnel to South Lebanon in 1978<br><br>Fiji has a "shiprider" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Fiji's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; "shiprider" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2025)

Military and security forces

Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Force, Republic of Fiji Navy (2025)

active duty personnel

4,000

percent of total labor force

1.13 %

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 4,000 active Republic of Fiji Military Forces (2025)

Military deployments

170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China and the US have provided small amounts of equipment (2025)

Military expenditures

1 % of GDP

current USD

$77,638,336

Military Expenditures 2020

1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

4.26 %

percent of GDP

1.31 % of GDP

Military service age and obligation

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2026)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs

259 (2024 est.)

Refugees

25 (2024 est.)

Trafficking in persons

Tier rating

Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Fiji remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/fiji/

Carbon dioxide emissions

From coal and metallurgical coke

12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

air pollution from waste incineration and vehicle emissions; deforestation and soil erosion; soil erosion from clearing land by bush burning

International environmental agreements

Party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

8.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Protected areas

1 % of total land area

Renewable electricity output

10 % of total

Total renewable water resources

28.55 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

0 % of internal resources

Agricultural

50 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

9.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

25.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually

189,400 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

16.1% (2022 est.)