1985 Edition

Agriculture

main crop, cotton

main products — cereals, oilseed, livestock products; major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs

large areas devoted to grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products — wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in fcxxl

Aid

economic — bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (1970-80) from Western (non-US) countries, $20 million; no military aid

donor — ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-82), $5.7 billion

Aircraft

none 900km Land 2,766,889 km2; four times the size of Texas; 57% agricultural (46% natural meadow, 11% crop, improved pasture, and fallow); 25% forest; 18% mountain, urban, or waste

Airfields

2lo(a\, 1 usable; 1 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,4403,659 m

1,840 total, 1,694 usable; 125 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,695 m, 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 324 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

1,067 total, 1,023 usable; 220 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 18 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 502 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force

executive (President, Vice President, Cabinet); legislative (National Congress — Senate, Chamber of Deputies); national judiciary

Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture, National Aeronautical Police

bicameral legislature (Federal Parliament — Senate and House of Representatives); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary

Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army

Budget

(current) revenues, $107.5 million (1983); expenditures, $124.5 million (1983)

(1983) general government revenues $15.8 billion; expenditures $22.2 billion at average annual exchange rate

(FY83-84) expenditures, A$56.7 billion; receipts, A$48.3 billion; deficit, A$8.4 billion

Capital

Buenos Aires

Canberra

Civil air

10 major transport aircraft

54 major transport aircraft

around 150 major transport aircraft

Coastline

4,989 km People

about 25,760 km People

Communists

some 70,000. members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists

4,000 members (est.) Australia (continued)

Crude steel

1.8 thousand metric tons produced (1984)

5.6 million metric tons produced (1983)

Elections

general elections held 30 October 1983; next congressional elections scheduled for 1985

held at three-year intervals or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election 1 December 1984 Political parties and leaders: government — Australian Labor Party (Robert Hawke); opposition— Liberal Party (Andrew Peacock), National Party (Ian Sinclair), Australian Democratic Party (Donald L. Chipp), Nuclear Disarmament Party (Michael Denborough)

Electric power

43,000 kW capacity (1984); 61 million kWh produced (1984), 756 kWh per capita

13,661,000 kW capacity (1984); 39.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,312 kWh per capita

28,950,000 kW capacity (1984); 107.4 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,950 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other non white groups

99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine

Exports

$34.5 million (1985); clothing, rum, lobsters

$7.8 billion (f.o.b., 1983); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseed

$20.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal products — coal, wool, wheat, iron ore, beef

Fiscal year

1 April-30 March Communications

calendar year Communications

1 July-30 June Communications

Fishing

catch 475,770 metric tons (1982); exports $177.3 million (1983 est.)

GDP

$129.5 million (1982), $1,682 per capita

$14-1.1 billion (1983), $9,440 per capita; 62% private consumption, 17.5% government expenditure, 21% investment; 2.2% real average annual growth (1976-82)

GNP

$58.2 billion (1982), $1,995 per capita; 80% consumption, 14% investment; 6% net exports; real GDP growth rate 1983, 3.1%

Government leaders

Raul ALFONSIN, President (since December 1983); Victor MARTINEZ, Vice President (since December 1983)

Sir Ninian STEPHEN, Governor General (since July 1982); Robert HAWKE, Prime Minister (since March 1983)

Highways

240 km main

208, 100 km total, of which 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101 ,000 km improved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth

837,872 km total (1980); 243,750 km paved, 228,396 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 365,726 km unimproved earth

Imports

$138.1 million (c.i.f., 1982); fuel, food, machinery

$4.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machinery, lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products

$19.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal products — manufactured raw materials, capital equipment, consumer goods

Inland waterways

11,000km navigable

8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft

Labor force

1 1.2 million (1982 est); 19% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% o'ther; 6% estimated unemployment (1982 est.)

7.2 million (November 1984); 8.7% unemployment (December 1984)

Land boundaries

9,414 km Water

Language

Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

English, native languages

Legal system

mixture of US and West European legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory IOJ jurisdiction

based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters)

3 nm (fishing 200 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf)

Literacy

94%

98.5%

Major ground units

Defense Force

Major industries

tourism, cotton production

food processing (especially meat packing), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy

mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals

Major trade partners

30% UK, 25% US, 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975)

(1983) exports — 20% USSR, 9% Brazil, 9% Netherlands, 9% US, 6% Italy, 6% FRG, 5% Japan, 2% Spain; imports—22% US, 10% Brazil, 10% FRG, 6% Japan, 6% Italy, 2% Chile

(1982-83) exports — 26% Japan, 12% US, 6% New Zealand, 4% North Korea, 4% Singapore, 3% USSR; imports—21 % US, 21% Japan, 6% UK, 6% FRG, 4% New Zealand

Member of

FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG Economy

ADB, A1OEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling C Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military budget

proposed defense budget for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $2.0 billion; 12.9% of central government budget Coral Sea ' Indian Ocean Bight*', "*^boume r\^Tasman Sea Land 7,686,848 km2; almost as large as the continential US; 58% pasture; 6% arable; 2% forest; 34% other Water

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $5.3 billion; about 9.1% of total central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 7,601,000; 6,168,000 fit for military service; 251,000 reach military age (20) annually

males 15-49, 4,158,000; 3,542,000 fit for military service; 139,000 reach military age (17) annually

Monetary conversion rate

2.70 East Caribbean (EC) dollars=US$l (February 1984)

104.2 pesos argentinos=US$l (October 1984); Argentina redenominated its currency 1 June 1983; 10,000 pesos=l peso argentino

1.23 Australian dollar=US$l (1 January 1985)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 May

Australia Day, 26 January

Nationality

noun — Argentine(s); adjective— Argentine

noun — Australian(s); adjective— Australian

Official name

Argentine Republic

Commonwealth of Australia

Organized labor

25% of labor force (est.) Government

57% of total employees (December 1982) Government

Other political or pressure groups

Peronistdominated labor movement. General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association), business organizations, students, the Catholic Church

Australian Democratic Lalxir Party (antiCommunist Labor Party splinter group)

Pipelines

4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 9,918 km natural gas

crude oil, 2,400 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas, 5,600 km

Political parties

operate under statute passed in 1983 that sets out criteria for participation in national elections; Radical Civic Union (UCR) — moderately left of center; Justicialist Party (JP) — Peronist umbrella political organization; Movement for Industrial Development (MID); Intransigent Party (PI); several provincial parties

Political subdivisions

22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory

6 states and 2 territories— Australian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory

Population

30,708,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.6%

15,658,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.3%

Ports

1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor

7 major, 30 minor

12 major, numerous minor

Railroads

64 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, 13 km 0.610-meter gauge, employed almost exclusively for handling cane

35,476 km total; 3,086 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 22,788 km 1.676meter broad gauge, 13,461 km 1.000-meter gauge, 403 km 0.750-meter gauge; of total in country, 116 km are electrified

42,855 km total (1980); 9,689 km 1.600-meter gauge, 15,783 km 1.435-meter* standard gauge, 17,383km 1.067-meter gauge; 900 km electrified (June 1979); government owned (except for a few hundred kilometers of privately owned track)

Religion

90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other

27.7% Anglican, 25.7% Roman Catholic, 25.2% other Protestant

Suffrage

universal and compulsory over age

Telecommunications

automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones (9.2 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Guadeloupe; 5 AM and 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable; about 19,000 radio and 16,000 television receivers (1982) Defense Forces

extensive modern system; telephone network has 3.23 million sets (10.3 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used; 2 satellite stations with 3 Atlantic Ocean antennas; 154 AM, 45 FM, and 191 TV stations; 30 station network domestic satellite Australia Defense Forces

very good international and domestic service; 7.4 million telephones(52 per 100 popl.); 223 AM, 5 FM, and 111 TV stations; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam Defense Forces

Type

republic; changed from military to civilian government in December 1983

federal parliamentary state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state

Voting strength

(1984 parliamentary election) House of Representatives — Labor Party 82 seats, Liberal-National coalition 66 seats; Senate — Labor Party 34 seats, Liberal-Country coalition 33 seats, Australian Democratic Party 7 seats, Nuclear Disarmament Party 1 seat, independents 1 seat