Timor-Leste

<p>The island of Timor was actively involved in Southeast Asian trading networks for centuries, and by the 14th century, it exported sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. The sandalwood trade attracted the Portuguese, who arrived in the early 16th century; by mid-century, they had colonized the island, which was previously ruled by local chieftains. In 1859, Portugal ceded the western portion of the island to the Dutch. Imperial Japan occupied Portuguese Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. The eastern part of Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975, but Indonesian forces invaded and occupied the area nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor or Timor Leste). Indonesia conducted an unsuccessful pacification campaign in the province over the next two decades, during which as many as 250,000 people died. <br><br>In a UN-supervised referendum in 1999, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. However, anti-independence Timorese militias -- organized and supported by the Indonesian military -- began a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution, killing approximately 1,400 Timorese and displacing nearly 500,000. Most of the country's infrastructure was destroyed, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, schools, and most of the electrical grid. Australian-led peacekeeping troops eventually deployed to the country and ended the violence. In 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state.</p> <p>In 2006, Australia and the UN had to step in again to stabilize the country, which allowed presidential and parliamentary elections to be conducted in 2007 in a largely peaceful atmosphere. In 2008, rebels staged an unsuccessful attack against the president and prime minister. Since that attack, Timor-Leste has made considerable progress in building stability and democratic institutions, holding a series of successful parliamentary and presidential elections since 2012. Nonetheless, weak and unstable political coalitions have led to periodic episodes of stalemate and crisis. The UN continues to provide assistance on economic development and strengthening governing institutions. Currently, Timor-Leste is one of the world's poorest nations, with an economy that relies heavily on energy resources in the Timor Sea.</p>

Land

14,874 sq km

Total

14,874 sq km

Water

0 sq km

slightly larger than Connecticut; almost half the size of Maryland

tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons

706 km

Oceania

Highest point

Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m

Lowest point

Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m

8 50 S, 125 55 E

the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands; the district of Oecussi is an exclave separated from Timor-Leste proper by Indonesia; Timor-Leste is the only Asian country located completely in the Southern Hemisphere

350 sq km (2012)

Border countries

Indonesia 253 km

number of neighbors

1

Total

253 km

Agricultural land

23% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 7.5% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 5.4% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 10.1% (2023 est.)

arable land

7.5%

Forest

71% (2023 est.)

Other

6% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

5.37%

No

Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/sFqBC9zjgUXPR1iTA

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/305142

Southeast Asia

Contiguous zone

24 nm

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Territorial sea

12 nm

floods and landslides are common; earthquakes; tsunamis; tropical cyclones

gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble

most of the population is concentrated in the western third of the country, particularly around Dili

South-Eastern Asia

mountainous

UTC+09:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

38.7% (male 299,929/female 283,416)

15-64 years

56.8% (male 418,493/female 437,727)

65 years and over

4.5% (2024 est.) (male 32,243/female 35,101)

Beer

0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

0.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

23.39 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Men married by age 18

1.2% (2016)

Women married by age 15

2.6% (2016)

Women married by age 18

14.9% (2016)

31.9% (2020 est.)

56.4% (2022 est.)

6.86 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

158 per 1,000

adult male

204 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

7.7 (2025 est.)

Potential support ratio

12.9 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

62 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

54.3 (2025 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 81.6% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 87% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 18.4% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 13% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

5.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

4.3% national budget (2025 est.)

5 % of GDP

Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) (includes Tetun, Mambai, Tokodede, Galoli, Kemak, Baikeno), Melanesian-Papuan (includes Bunak, Fataluku, Bakasai), small Chinese minority

1.35 (2025 est.)

10 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

11.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

8.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.19%

Female

28.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

35.3 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

22 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

41.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Tetun Prasa 30.6%, Mambai 16.6%, Makasai 10.5%, Tetun Terik 6.1%, Baikenu 5.9%, Kemak 5.8%, Bunak 5.5%, Tokodede 4%, Fataluku 3.5%, Waima'a 1.8%, Galoli 1.4%, Naueti 1.4%, Idate 1.2%, Midiki 1.2%, other 4.5% (2015 est.)

languages

Portuguese, Tetum

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by mother tongue; Tetun and Portuguese are official languages; Indonesian and English are working languages; there are about 32 indigenous languages

number of languages

2

Female

72.3 years

Male

68.9 years

Total population

70.5 years (2024 est.)

Female

71.8% (2022 est.)

Male

73.1% (2022 est.)

Total population

72.5% (2022 est.)

281,000 DILI (capital) (2018)

192 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

21.3 years

Male

19.8 years

Total

23 years (2025 est.)

23 years (2016 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Adjective

Timorese

Noun

Timorese

-3.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

3.8% (2016)

one of only two predominantly Christian nations in Southeast Asia, the other being the Philippines

0.75 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Female

710,845

Male

693,940

Total

1,404,785 (2025 est.)

1.28% (2025 est.)

Catholic 90.7%, other 7.1%, Protestant Evangelical 1.9%; less than 1%: Islam, Buddhist, Hindu (2022 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 64% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 73.7% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 94.1% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 36% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 26.3% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 5.9% of population (2022 est.)

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years

0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.92 male(s)/female

At birth

1.07 male(s)/female

Total population

0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Female

8.9% (2025 est.)

Male

62.6% (2025 est.)

Total

36.1% (2025 est.)

2.79 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

3.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

32.5% of total population (2023)

measles

72%

12 municipalities (<em>municipios</em>, singular - <em>municipio</em>) and 1 special adminstrative region* (<em>regiao administrativa especial</em>); Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Covalima (Suai), Dili, Ermera (Gleno), Lautem (Lospalos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oe-Cusse Ambeno* (Pante Macassar), Viqueque

note

<strong>note:</strong> administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses

Geographic coordinates

8 35 S, 125 36 E

Name

Dili

Time difference

UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Timor-Leste

Dual citizenship recognized

no

Residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

Amendment process

proposed by Parliament and parliamentary groups; consideration of amendments requires at least four-fifths majority approval by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by Parliament and promulgation by the president of the republic; passage of amendments to the republican form of government and the flag requires approval in a referendum

History

drafted 2001, approved 22 March 2002, entered into force 20 May 2002

alternative spellings

TL, East Timor, Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste, Timór Lorosa'e, Timor Lorosae

Conventional long form

Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

Conventional short form

Timor-Leste

Etymology

the name partly derives from the Indonesian and Malay word <em>timur</em>, meaning "east;" <em>leste </em>is the Portuguese word for "east," so "Timor-Leste" literally means "Eastern-East"

FIFA code

TLS

Former

East Timor, Portuguese Timor

Local long form

Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e (Tetum)/ Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste (Portuguese)

local long form (por)

República Democrática de Timor-Leste

Local short form

Timor Lorosa'e (Tetum)/ Timor-Leste (Portuguese)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> pronounced TEE-mor LESS-tay

Chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Bruce BEGNELL (since July 2025)

Email address and website

<br>ConsDili@state.gov<br><br>https://tl.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

Avenida de Portugal, Praia dos Coqueiros, Dili

FAX

(670) 331-3206

Mailing address

8250 Dili Place, Washington, DC 20521-8250

Telephone

(670) 332-4684, (670) 330-2400

Chancery

4201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 504, Washington, DC 20008

Chief of mission

Ambassador Jos&eacute; Luis GUTERRES (since 17 June 2024)

Email address and website

<br>info@timorlesteembassy.org

FAX

[1] (202) 966-3205

Telephone

[1] (202) 966-3202

Cabinet

Council of Ministers; ministers proposed to the prime minister by the coalition in the Parliament and sworn in by the president

Chief of state

President Jos&eacute; RAMOS-HORTA (since 20 May 2022)

Election results

<em><br>2022</em>: José RAMOS-HORTA elected president in second round - RAMOS-HORTA (CNRT) 62.1%, Francisco GUTERRES (FRETILIN) 37.9%<br><em><br>2017</em>: Francisco GUTERRES elected president; Francisco GUTERRES (FRETILIN) 57.1%, António da CONCEICAO (PD) 32.5%, other 10.4%

Election/appointment process

president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following parliamentary elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the prime minister

Expected date of next election

April 2027

Head of government

Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 1 July 2023)

Most recent election date

19 March 2022, with a runoff on 19 April 2022

Note

<strong>note:</strong> the president is commander in chief of the military and can veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections

<strong>description:</strong> red with a black isosceles triangle (based on the left side) on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; a white star is in the center of the black triangle<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> yellow stands for past colonialism, black for obscurantism that needs to be overcome, and red for the struggle for freedom; the white star represents peace and a guiding light

The flag of Timor-Leste has a red field with two isosceles triangles which share a common base on the hoist end. The smaller black triangle, which bears a five-pointed white star at its center and spans one-third the width of the field, is superimposed on the larger yellow triangle that extends to the center of the field.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/tl.svg

semi-presidential republic

28 November 1975 (from Portugal); 20 May 2002 (from Indonesia)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, ADB, AOSIS, ARF, ASEAN, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO

Highest court(s)

Court of Appeals (consists of the court president and NA judges)

Judge selection and term of office

court president appointed by the president of the republic from among the other court judges to serve a 4-year term; other court judges appointed - 1 by the Parliament and the others by the Supreme Council for the Judiciary, a body chaired by the court president and that includes mostly presidential and parliamentary appointees; other judges serve for life

Subordinate courts

Court of Appeal; High Administrative, Tax, and Audit Court; district courts; magistrates' courts; military courts

civil law system based on the Portuguese model

Electoral system

proportional representation

Expected date of next election

May 2028

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

National Parliament

Most recent election date

5/21/2023

Number of seats

65 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

National Congress for the Reconstruction of Timor-Leste (CNRT) (31); Revolutionary Front for an independent East Timor (FRETILIN) (19); Democratic Party (PD) (6); Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan (KHUNTO) (5); People's Liberation Party (PLP) (4)

Percentage of women in chamber

35.4%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

red, yellow, black, white

Restoration of Independence Day, 20 May (2002); Proclamation of Independence Day, 28 November (1975)

Mount Ramelau

Democratic Party or PD <br>National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT <br>National Unity of the Sons of Timor (Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan or KHUNTO) <br>People's Liberation Party or PLP <br>Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN

Monday

17 years of age; universal

Yes

maize, rice, coconuts, root vegetables, vegetables, cassava, other meats, pork, beans, coffee (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Expenditures

$1.826 billion (2022 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$1.877 billion (2022 est.)

code

USD

name

United States dollar (USD) [$]

$-587,484,109

Current account balance 2022

$408.059 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$177.336 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$529.738 million (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$296.67 million

Debt - external 2023

$238.042 million (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars

lower middle-income Southeast Asian economy; government expenditures funded via oil fund drawdowns; endemic corruption undermines growth; foreign aid-dependent; wide-scale poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy

<p>the US dollar is used</p>

$196.96 million

Exports 2022

$1.858 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$701.808 million (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$278.047 million (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

crude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, scrap iron, telephones (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

China 46%, Singapore 25%, Japan 15%, Indonesia 5%, USA 3% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$215.6 million

Exports of goods and services

22.9% (2023 est.)

Government consumption

52.9% (2023 est.)

Household consumption

70% (2023 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-66.4% (2023 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

17.4% (2023 est.)

Investment in inventories

3.1% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

16.9% (2023 est.)

Industry

23.9% (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

61% (2023 est.)

$1.881 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$1,332

28.7 (2014)

$2.13 billion

$1,650

30 % of GDP

$1.58 billion

Imports 2022

$1.286 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$1.169 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$1.197 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, rice, cars, plastic products, trucks (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Indonesia 34%, China 26%, Singapore 9%, Taiwan 5%, India 4% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

-57% (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth

2.06%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

7% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

8.4% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.1% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

615,900 (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

635,489 persons

agriculture

46.02%

industry

3.8%

services

50.18%

Public debt 2016

3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

$6.19 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$7.322 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$5.995 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$5.863 billion (2024 est.)

-9.1%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

-20.5% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

-18.1% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

-2.2% (2024 est.)

$4,423

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$5,300 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$4,300 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$4,200 (2024 est.)

$219.57 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

5.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

9.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

11.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

$736.97 million

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$830.81 million (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$781.995 million (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$736.967 million (2024 est.)

51 % of GDP

22 % of GDP

21.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

1.59%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

1.6% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

1.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

1.7% (2024 est.)

Female

3.7% (2024 est.)

Male

3.2% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

3.4% (2024 est.)

Imports

122,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

411.519 million kWh (2023 est.)

Installed generating capacity

277,000 kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

99.481 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - rural areas

100%

Electrification - total population

99.7% (2022 est.)

Electrification - urban areas

100%

Fossil fuels

99.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

0.27%

nuclear

0%

renewable

0.37%

Solar

0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

6.825 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Exports

521.034 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Production

521.034 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Total petroleum production

5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

11.4%

per 100 inhabitants

0 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2023 est.) less than 1

Total

0 (2023 est.)

7 TV stations (3 nationwide satellite coverage;&nbsp;2 terrestrial coverage, mostly in Dili; 2 cable) and 21 radio stations (3 nationwide coverage) (2019)

.tl

Percent of population

34% (2023 est.)

+670

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2023 est.) less than 1

Total subscriptions

2,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100

113 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

116 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

1.63 million (2024 est.)

11 (2025)

4W

Left

2 (2025)

By type

other 1

Total

1 (2023)

Key ports

Dili

Large

0

Medium

0

Ports with oil terminals

0

Small

1

Total ports

1 (2024)

Very small

0

TL

the Timor-Leste Defense Force (F-FDTL) has both external defense and internal security roles; it also engages in national development missions, international peacekeeping, and regional security cooperation; the F-FDTL has ties with a variety of partners, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Portugal, the UN, and the US (2025)

Timor-Leste Defense Force (Falintil-Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, Falintil (F-FDTL)): Land Component, Air Force Component, Naval Component<br><br>Ministry of Interior: National Police of Timor-Leste (Polícia Nacional de Timor-Leste, PNTL) (2025)

active duty personnel

2,000

percent of total labor force

0.36 %

approximately 2,000 Defense Forces&nbsp; (2025)

the military is lightly armed with a limited inventory consisting mostly of donated equipment from countries such as Australia, China, Portugal, South Korea, and the US (2025)

3 % of GDP

current USD

$46,400,000

Military Expenditures 2020

1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

2.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

2.64 %

percent of GDP

2.66 % of GDP

18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; according to Timorese law on military service, all citizens 18-30 must contribute to the defense of independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country and render their contribution through defense and security institutions (2025)

From petroleum and other liquids

660,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

660,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

air pollution and deterioration of air quality; water quality, scarcity, and access; land and soil degradation; forest depletion; deforestation and soil erosion from slash-and-burn agriculture; loss of biodiversity

Party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

Signed, but not ratified

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban

20.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

5 % of total land area

0 % of total

8.215 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

14 % of internal resources

Agricultural

1.071 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

2 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

99 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

63,900 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

13.5% (2022 est.)