Mauritius

<p>Although known to Arab and European sailors since at least the early 1500s, the island of Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638 when the Dutch established a settlement named in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU. Their presence led to the rapid disappearance of the flightless dodo bird that has since become one of the most well-known examples of extinction in modern times. The Dutch abandoned their financially distressed settlement in 1710, although a number of formerly enslaved people remained. In 1722, the French established what would become a highly profitable settlement focused on sugar cane plantations that were reliant on the labor of enslaved people brought to Mauritius from other parts of Africa. In the 1790s, the island had a brief period of autonomous rule when plantation owners rejected French control because of laws ending slavery that were temporarily in effect during the French Revolution. Britain captured the island in 1810 as part of the Napoleonic Wars but kept most of the French administrative structure, which remains to this day in the form of the country’s legal codes and widespread use of the French Creole language. The abolition of slavery in 1835 -- later than most other British colonies -- led to increased reliance on contracted laborers from the Indian subcontinent to work on plantations. Today their descendants form the majority of the population. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base and later an air station, and it played a role during World War II in anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as in the collection of signals intelligence.</p> <p>Mauritius gained independence from the UK in 1968 as a Parliamentary Republic and has remained a stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record. The country also attracted considerable foreign investment and now has one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Mauritius’ often-fractious coalition politics has been dominated by two prominent families, each of which has had father-son pairs who have been prime minister over multiple, often nonconsecutive, terms. Seewoosagur RAMGOOLAM (1968-76) was Mauritius’ first prime minister, and he was succeeded by Anerood JUGNAUTH (1982-95, 2000-03, 2014-17); his son Navin RAMGOOLAM (1995-2000, 2005-14); and Paul Raymond BERENGER (2003-05), the only non-Hindu prime minister of post-independence Mauritius. In 2017, Pravind JUGNAUTH became prime minister after his father stepped down short of completing his term, and he was elected in his own right in 2019. <br><br>Mauritius claims the French island of Tromelin and the British Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Since 2017, Mauritius has secured favorable UN General Assembly resolutions and an International Court of Justice advisory opinion relating to its sovereignty dispute with the UK.</p>

Land

2,030 sq km

Note

<strong>note:</strong> includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues

Total

2,040 sq km

Water

10 sq km

almost 11 times the size of Washington, D.C.

tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

177 km

Africa

Highest point

Mont Piton 828 m

Lowest point

Indian Ocean 0 m

20 17 S, 57 33 E

the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; former home of the extinct dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons

143 sq km (2022)

Total

0 km

Agricultural land

43% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 37.6% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 2% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 3.5% (2023 est.)

arable land

37.56%

Forest

19.2% (2023 est.)

Other

37.8% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

1.98%

No

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, about 800 km (500 mi) east of Madagascar

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/PpKtZ4W3tir5iGrz7

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/535828

Africa

Continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Exclusive economic zone

200 nm

Note

<strong>note: </strong>measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Territorial sea

12 nm

cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards

arable land, fish

population density is one of the highest in the world; urban clusters are found throughout the main island, with a greater density in and around Port Luis; the population on Rodrigues Island is fairly evenly spread, with a slightly denser cluster on the north coast, as shown in this population distribution map

Eastern Africa

small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau

UTC+04:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

15.1% (male 100,973/female 96,711)

15-64 years

71% (male 462,833/female 467,509)

65 years and over

13.9% (2024 est.) (male 75,464/female 107,014)

Beer

1.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

0.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

3.39 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

9.73 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

51.6% (2022 est.)

9.14 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

99 per 1,000

adult male

185 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

20.5 (2025 est.)

Potential support ratio

4.9 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

41.7 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

21.1 (2025 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

14.2% national budget (2024 est.)

4 % of GDP

Indo-Mauritian (compose approximately two thirds of the total population), Creole, Sino-Mauritian, Franco-Mauritian

note

<strong>note:</strong> Mauritius has not had a question on ethnicity on its national census since 1972

0.66 (2025 est.)

6 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

6.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

9.4% of national budget (2022 est.)

3.7 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Female

10 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

13.1 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

9 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Creole 86.5%, Bhojpuri 5.3%, French 4.1%, two languages 1.4%, other 2.6% (includes English, one of the two official languages of the National Assembly, which is spoken by less than 1% of the population), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

languages

English, French, Mauritian Creole

number of languages

3

Female

78.4 years

Male

72.6 years

Total population

75.4 years (2024 est.)

Female

92.8% (2023 est.)

Male

96.3% (2023 est.)

Total population

94.3% (2023 est.)

149,000 PORT LOUIS (capital) (2018)

66 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

41 years

Male

38.1 years

Total

40 years (2025 est.)

20 births/1,000 women 15-19

Adjective

Mauritian

Noun

Mauritian(s)

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

10.8% (2016)

1.44 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Female

671,668

Male

639,707

Total

1,311,375 (2025 est.)

0.06% (2025 est.)

Hindu 48.5%, Roman Catholic 26.3%, Muslim 17.3%, other Christian 6.4%, other 0.6%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

Female

15 years (2020 est.)

Male

14 years (2020 est.)

Total

14 years (2020 est.)

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years

0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.71 male(s)/female

At birth

1.07 male(s)/female

Total population

0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Female

2.6% (2025 est.)

Male

37.4% (2025 est.)

Total

19.6% (2025 est.)

1.36 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

40.9% of total population (2023)

measles

98%

9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne

Etymology

named after LOUIS XV, who was king of France in 1736 when the port became the administrative center of Mauritius&nbsp;

Geographic coordinates

20 09 S, 57 29 E

Name

Port Louis

Time difference

UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

yes

Citizenship by descent only

yes

Dual citizenship recognized

yes

Residency requirement for naturalization

5 out of the previous 7 years including the last 12 months

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/mu.svg

Amendment process

proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty of the state, fundamental rights and freedoms, citizenship, or the branches of government, requires approval in a referendum by at least three-fourths majority of voters followed by a unanimous vote by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly

History

several previous; latest adopted 12 March 1968

alternative spellings

MU, Republic of Mauritius, République de Maurice

Conventional long form

Republic of Mauritius

Conventional short form

Mauritius

Etymology

named after Prince Maurice VAN NASSAU, stadtholder (governor) of the Dutch Republic, in 1598

FIFA code

MRI

Local long form

Republic of Mauritius

local long form (eng)

Republic of Mauritius

Local short form

Mauritius

Note

<strong>note:</strong> pronounced mahr-ish-us

Chief of mission

Ambassador Henry V. JARDINE (since 22 February 2023); note - also accredited to Seychelles

Email address and website

<br>PTLConsular@state.gov<br><br>https://mu.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Avenue, Port Louis

FAX

[230] 208-9534

Mailing address

2450 Port Louis Place, Washington, DC 20521-2450

Telephone

[230] 202-4400

Chancery

1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036

Chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Gajjaluxmi MOOTOOSAMY (since 5 June 2025)

Email address and website

<br>mauritius.embassy@verizon.net<br><br>https://mauritius-washington.govmu.org/Pages/index.aspx

FAX

[1] (202) 966-0983

Telephone

[1] (202) 244-1491

Cabinet

Cabinet of Ministers (Council of Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

Chief of state

President Dharam GOKHOOL (since 7 December 2024)

Election results

<em><br>2019</em>: Prithvirajsing ROOPUN (MSM) elected president by the National Assembly - unanimous vote

Election/appointment process

president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for 5-year renewable terms; the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister who have the majority support in the National Assembly

Expected date of next election

2029

Head of government

Prime Minister Navin RAMGOOLAM (since 13 November 2024)

Most recent election date

6 December 2024

<strong>description:</strong> four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> red stands for self-determination and independence; blue for the Indian Ocean; yellow for the new light of independence, golden sunshine, or the bright future; and green for agriculture or the island's lush vegetation

note

<strong>note:</strong> Mauritius has the only national flag with four horizontal color bands

The flag of Mauritius is composed of four equal horizontal bands of red, blue, yellow and green.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/mu.svg

parliamentary republic

12 March 1968 (from the UK)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 24 puisne judges)

Judge selection and term of office

chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister; senior puisne judge appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice; other puisne judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Commission, a 4-member body of judicial officials including the chief justice; all judges serve until retirement at age 67

Note

<strong>note:</strong> the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal

Subordinate courts

lower regional courts known as District Courts, Court of Civil Appeal; Court of Criminal Appeal; Public Bodies Appeal Tribunal

civil system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law

Chamber name

National Assembly

Electoral system

plurality/majority

Expected date of next election

October 2029

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

National Assembly - Assemblée nationale

Most recent election date

11/10/2024

Number of seats

67 (62 directly elected; 4 appointed)

Parties elected and seats per party

Alliance Du Changement (Alliance for Change, AdC) (60); Other (2)

Percentage of women in chamber

17.9%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

red, blue, yellow, green

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Aapravasi Ghat; Le Morne Cultural Landscape

Total World Heritage Sites

2 (both cultural)

Independence and Republic Day, 12 March (1968, 1992)

note

<strong>note:</strong> became independent and a republic on the same date in 1968 and 1992, respectively

dodo bird, earring tree flower (<em>Trochetia boutoniana</em>)

Alliance Morisien (Mauritian Alliance)<br>Jean-Claude Barbier Movement (Mouvement Jean-Claude Barbier) or MJCB<br>Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM<br>Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD<br>Mauritius Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP<br>Militant Platform (Plateforme Militante) or PM<br>Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM<br>Muvman Liberater or ML<br>National Alliance<br>Patriotic Movement (Mouvement Patriotique) or MAG<br>Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR

Monday

18 years of age; universal

Yes

sugarcane, chicken, pumpkins/squash, tomatoes, eggs, potatoes, cabbages, bananas, onions, cucumbers/gherkins (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Expenditures

$5.042 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$3.801 billion (2024 est.)

code

MUR

name

Mauritian rupee (MUR) [₨]

$-1,050,013,442

Current account balance 2021

-$1.497 billion (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

-$1.437 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$647.743 million (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$20.36 billion

Debt - external 2023

$3.632 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars

upper middle-income Indian Ocean island economy; diversified portfolio; investing in maritime security; strong tourism sector decimated by COVID-19; expanding in information and financial services; environmentally fragile

Currency

Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

39.347 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

41.692 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

44.183 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

45.267 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

46.415 (2024 est.)

$10.03 billion

Exports 2021

$4.213 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$6.138 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$6.381 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

fish, garments, raw sugar, fertilizers, diamonds (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

USA 11%, France 11%, Zimbabwe 10%, South Africa 7%, Zambia 7% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$681.28 million

Exports of goods and services

46.2% (2024 est.)

Government consumption

14.7% (2024 est.)

Household consumption

68.6% (2024 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-57.8% (2024 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

21% (2024 est.)

Investment in inventories

0.2% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

4.3% (2024 est.)

Industry

17.8% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

64.4% (2024 est.)

$14.953 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$11,991

36.8 (2017)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017

36.8 (2017 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$16.47 billion

$12,970

21 % of GDP

Highest 10%

29.9% (2017 est.)

Lowest 10%

2.9% (2017 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$11.7 billion

Imports 2021

$6.057 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$8.052 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$8.027 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, cars, fish, coal, packaged medicine (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 15%, UAE 11%, India 10%, South Africa 9%, France 6% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

4.7% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism

3.6%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

10.8% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

7.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

3.6% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

594,900 (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

622,142 persons

agriculture

4.71%

industry

20.62%

services

74.67%

10.3% (2017 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Note

<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2019

58% of GDP (2019 est.)

$39.67 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$31.296 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$32.864 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$34.406 billion (2024 est.)

4.93%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

8.7% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

5% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

4.7% (2024 est.)

$31,840

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$24,800 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$26,100 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$27,300 (2024 est.)

$286.87 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

2.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

2.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

$8.51 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$7.793 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$7.248 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$8.506 billion (2024 est.)

25 % of GDP

21 % of GDP

20.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

5.64%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

6.4% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

5.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

5.5% (2024 est.)

Female

18.4% (2024 est.)

Male

15.3% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

16.6% (2024 est.)

Consumption

651,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports

610,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

3.084 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

2,465 kWh

Installed generating capacity

955,000 kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

179.996 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - rural areas

100%

Electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electrification - urban areas

99%

Biomass and waste

9.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

82.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

2.88%

Hydroelectricity

2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear

0%

renewable

21.68%

Solar

4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Wind

0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

1,167 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

60.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

28,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

8.6%

per 100 inhabitants

27 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

27 (2023 est.)

Total

343,000 (2023 est.)

the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) is the national public TV and radio broadcaster, with programming in French, English, Hindi, Creole, and Chinese; MBC provides 17 television channels in Mauritius;&nbsp; 9 FM radio stations and 2 AM radio stations (2022)

.mu

Percent of population

80% (2023 est.)

+230

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

36 (2023 est.)

Total subscriptions

464,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100

165 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

173 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

2.2 million (2024 est.)

passengers carried

1.5 million passengers

registered carrier departures

10,794 departures

5 (2025)

3B

Left

1 (2025)

By type

general cargo 1, oil tanker 4, other 27

Total

32 (2023)

Key ports

Port Louis, Port Mathurin

Large

0

Medium

0

Ports with oil terminals

1

Small

1

Total ports

2 (2024)

Very small

1

MS

key security priorities for the Maritius Police Force (MPF) include combating narcotics trafficking, ensuring public order, fighting cybercrime, improving maritime security, and responding to natural disasters; the MPF's primary security partner is India, which provides training and other support to the National Coast Guard, while Indian naval vessels often patrol the country's waters; the MPF has also received assistance and training from France, the UK, and the US<br><br>the Special Mobile Force was created in 1960 following the withdrawal of the British garrison (2025)

no regular military forces; the Mauritius Police Force (MPF) under the Ministry of Defense is responsible for the country's security; it includes a paramilitary unit known as the Special Mobile Force, which includes some motorized infantry and light armored units; the MPF also has a Police Helicopter Squadron, a Special Support Unit (riot police), and the National Coast Guard (2025)

active duty personnel

3,000

percent of total labor force

0.51 %

0 % of GDP

current USD

$23,009,853

percent of central government expenditure

0.48 %

percent of GDP

0.15 % of GDP

IDPs

39 (2024 est.)

Refugees

82 (2024 est.)

From coal and metallurgical coke

1.495 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

4.056 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

5.551 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

water pollution, degradation of coral reefs; soil erosion; wildlife preservation; solid-waste disposal

Party to

Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

10.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

0 % of total land area

18 % of total

2.751 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

23 % of internal resources

Agricultural

303 million cubic meters (2022)

Industrial

10 million cubic meters (2022)

Municipal

320 million cubic meters (2022)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

438,000 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

15.9% (2022 est.)