Angola

Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6th century A.D.; by the 10th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late-14th to the mid-19th century, a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers -- often in collaboration with local kingdoms, including the Kongo. The Angola area is estimated to have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo’s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was Nzingha Mbande, the 17th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign. Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Portugal and other European powers set Angola’s modern borders, but the Portuguese did not fully control large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom.<br> <p>The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961, and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, a collapse that occurred in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Angola’s multiple independence movements soon clashed, with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor. After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict, with the Soviet Union and Cuba supporting the MPLA and the US and South Africa supporting UNITA. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost -- and 4 million people displaced -- during the more than a quarter-century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since 2002. </p>

Land

1,246,700 sq km

Total

1,246,700 sq km

Water

0 sq km

about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

1,600 km

Africa

Highest point

Moco 2,620 m

Lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Mean elevation

1,112 m

12 30 S, 18 30 E

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

860 sq km (2014)

Border countries

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province); Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1,427 km; Zambia 1,065 km

number of neighbors

4

Total

5,369 km

Agricultural land

36.9% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 32.4% (2023 est.)

arable land

4.32%

Forest

51.6% (2023 est.)

Other

11.5% (2023 est.)

permanent crops

0.25%

No

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo Basin, Upper Kalahari-Cuvelai-Upper Zambezi Basin

Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Rio Cubango (Okavango) river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km<br><br><strong>note:</strong> [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage

Congo (3,730,881 sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage

Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)

Internal (endorheic basin) drainage

Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)

Google Maps

https://goo.gl/maps/q42Qbf1BmQL3fuZg9

OpenStreetMap

https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/195267

Africa

Contiguous zone

24 nm

Exclusive economic zone

200 nm

Territorial sea

12 nm

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda

Middle Africa

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

UTC+01:00

number of time zones

1

0-14 years

46.9% (male 8,752,419/female 8,701,422)

15-64 years

50.7% (male 9,076,080/female 9,795,035)

65 years and over

2.4% (2024 est.) (male 367,559/female 509,546)

Beer

3.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols

0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits

1.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total

5.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine

0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

39.75 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Men married by age 18

6% (2016)

Women married by age 15

7.9% (2016)

Women married by age 18

30.3% (2016)

57.2% (2016 est.)

6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

adult female

184 per 1,000

adult male

271 per 1,000

Elderly dependency ratio

5.1 (2025 est.)

Potential support ratio

19.6 (2025 est.)

Total dependency ratio

95.1 (2025 est.)

Youth dependency ratio

90 (2025 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 27.8% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 57.7% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 71.7% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 72.2% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 42.3% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 28.3% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% GDP)

2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

6.5% national budget (2025 est.)

3 % of GDP

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

2.68 (2025 est.)

3 % of GDP

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

3% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

6.7% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.89%

0.8 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Female

50.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

60.7 deaths/1,000 live births

neonatal

26 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

46.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6%  (2014 est.)

languages

Portuguese

note

<strong>note</strong>: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

number of languages

1

Female

65.1 years

Male

60.8 years

Total population

62.9 years (2024 est.)

Female

51.9% (2015 est.)

Male

83.8% (2015 est.)

Total population

66.2% (2015 est.)

9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje&nbsp; (2023)

183 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Female

16.8 years

Male

15.8 years

Total

16.6 years (2025 est.)

19.4 years (2015/16 est.)

note

<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Adjective

Angolan

Noun

Angolan(s)

0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

8.2% (2016)

0.24 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Female

19,869,015

Male

19,115,781

Total

38,984,796 (2025 est.)

3.32% (2025 est.)

Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)

Improved: rural

rural: 30.3% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: total

total: 73.5% of population (2022 est.)

Improved: urban

urban: 93.7% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: rural

rural: 69.7% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: total

total: 26.5% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved: urban

urban: 6.3% of population (2022 est.)

0-14 years

1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years

0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.72 male(s)/female

At birth

1.03 male(s)/female

Total population

0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

5.45 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Rate of urbanization

4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population

68.7% of total population (2023)

measles

53%

21 provinces (<em>provincias</em>, singular - <em>provincia</em>); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando, Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Icolo e Bengo, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Moxico Leste, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Daylight saving time

does not observe daylight savings time

Etymology

the Portuguese named the city S&atilde;o Paulo da Assun&ccedil;&atilde;o de Loanda (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda); over time, it was shortened to "Luanda," which may derive from a Bantu word meaning "tax" or "duty," in reference to local people paying their dues to the king of the Congo

Geographic coordinates

8 50 S, 13 13 E

Name

Luanda

Time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship by birth

no

Citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola

Dual citizenship recognized

no

Residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

svg

https://mainfacts.com/media/images/coats_of_arms/ao.svg

Amendment process

proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic

History

previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010

alternative spellings

AO, República de Angola, ʁɛpublika de an'ɡɔla

Conventional long form

Republic of Angola

Conventional short form

Angola

Etymology

in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers derived the name from the title "N'gola," which was held by kings of the Ndongo

FIFA code

ANG

Former

People's Republic of Angola

Local long form

Republica de Angola

local long form (por)

República de Angola

Local short form

Angola

Chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Shannon Nagy CAZEAU (since 2 October 2025)

Email address and website

<br>Consularluanda@state.gov<br><br>https://ao.usembassy.gov/

Embassy

Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda

FAX

[244] (222) 64-1000

Mailing address

2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

Telephone

[244] (222) 64-1000

Chancery

2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

Chief of mission

Ambassador Agostinho de Carvalho dos Santos VAN-D&Uacute;NEM (since 30 June 2023)

Consulate(s) general

Houston, New York

Email address and website

<br>info@angola.org<br><br>https://angola.org/

FAX

[1] (202) 822-9049

Telephone

[1] (202) 785-1156

Cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

Chief of state

President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017)

Election results

Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election

Election/appointment process

the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term)

Expected date of next election

2027

Head of government

President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017)

Most recent election date

24 August 2022

<strong>description:</strong> two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem of a five-pointed star inside half a cogwheel, crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> red stands for liberty and black for the African continent; the emblem symbolizes workers and peasants

The flag of Angola features two equal horizontal bands of red and black, with a yellow emblem at its centre. This emblem consists of a five-pointed star within the hoist-side facing half of a cogwheel that is crossed on its lower end by a machete.

svg

https://flagcdn.com/ao.svg

presidential republic

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)

Judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judges appointed by the president on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms

Subordinate courts

provincial and municipal courts

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

Electoral system

proportional representation

Expected date of next election

August 2027

Legislative structure

unicameral

Legislature name

National Assembly (Assembleia nacional)

Most recent election date

8/24/2022

Number of seats

220 (all directly elected)

Parties elected and seats per party

Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) (124); National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) (90); Other (6)

Percentage of women in chamber

39.1%

Scope of elections

full renewal

Term in office

5 years

red, black, yellow

Selected World Heritage Site locales

Mbanza-Kongo

Total World Heritage Sites

1 (cultural)

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

giant black sable antelope (<em>Palanca negra gigante</em>)

Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE <br>Humanist Party of Angola or PHI <br>National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions<br>National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA (largest opposition party)<br>Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA; note- ruling party in power since 1975<br>Social Renewal Party or PRS 

Monday

18 years of age; universal

Yes

cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

On alcohol and tobacco

1.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

On food

50% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Expenditures

$13.871 billion (2019 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Revenues

$18.117 billion (2019 est.)

code

AOA

name

Angolan kwanza (AOA) [Kz]

$6.31 billion

Current account balance 2022

$11.763 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$4.185 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$6.31 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$58.73 billion

Debt - external 2023

$45.299 billion (2023 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars

middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant corruption in public institutions; major infrastructure investments from China and US; exited OPEC in 2023

Currency

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

578.259 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

631.442 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

460.568 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

685.02 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

869.846 (2024 est.)

$31.8 billion

Exports 2022

$50.12 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$36.961 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$36.924 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, ships, refined petroleum (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars

China 40%, India 9%, UAE 6%, Spain 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

net inflows

$-1,109,663,097

Exports of goods and services

37.9% (2024 est.)

Government consumption

6.3% (2024 est.)

Household consumption

55.3% (2024 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-24.4% (2024 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

25% (2024 est.)

Investment in inventories

0% (2024 est.)

Note

<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agriculture

16.4% (2024 est.)

Industry

44.2% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Services

39.3% (2024 est.)

$80.397 billion (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate

$2,666

51.3 (2018)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018

51.3 (2018 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

$94.41 billion

$2,840

10 % of GDP

Highest 10%

39.6% (2018 est.)

Lowest 10%

1.3% (2018 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$19.55 billion

Imports 2022

$28.564 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$23.688 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$22.683 billion (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, wheat, ships, cars, trucks (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 19%, Portugal 10%, UAE 7%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023)

note

<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

5% (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

28.24%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

21.4% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

13.6% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

28.2% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices

15.961 million (2024 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total

16.32 million persons

agriculture

51.95%

industry

7.2%

services

40.85%

32.3% (2018 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt 2016

75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

$383.35 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$263.61 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$266.452 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$278.239 billion (2024 est.)

4.42%

Note

<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

3% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

1.1% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

4.4% (2024 est.)

$10,119

Note

<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$7,400 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$7,300 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$7,300 (2024 est.)

$51.04 million

Note

<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

0% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

0% of GDP (2024 est.)

$14.24 billion

Note

<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$13.655 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$13.942 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$14.243 billion (2024 est.)

19 % of GDP

8 % of GDP

10.1% (of GDP) (2019 est.)

note

<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

14.11%

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

14.7% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

14.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

14.5% (2024 est.)

Female

25.7% (2024 est.)

Male

30.2% (2024 est.)

Note

<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Total

27.9% (2024 est.)

Imports

3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption

16.214 billion kWh (2023 est.)

consumption per capita

393 kWh

Installed generating capacity

7.6 million kW (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses

1.725 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electrification - rural areas

7.3% (2018 est.)

Electrification - total population

48.5% (2022 est.)

Electrification - urban areas

76.2%

Biomass and waste

0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels

23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectric

70.42%

Hydroelectricity

74% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear

0%

renewable

91.71%

Solar

2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

423 kg of oil equivalent

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

9.146 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Consumption

1.244 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Exports

4.928 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Production

5.984 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Proven reserves

343.002 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Crude oil estimated reserves

7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption

121,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Total petroleum production

1.175 million bbl/day (2023 est.)

52.9%

per 100 inhabitants

0 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2023 est.) less than 1

Total

137,000 (2023 est.)

state-owned media dominate; only four privately owned newspapers still exist in print form; state-run Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) is the only outlet to offer programs in local languages such as Bantu; private stations operate in cities, including Catholic Radio Ecclesia, but RNA is the only radio broadcaster with near-national coverage (2023)

.ao

Percent of population

45% (2023 est.)

+244

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2024 est.) less than 1

Total subscriptions

80,300 (2024 est.)

subscriptions per 100

70 per 100

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

70 (2024 est.)

Total subscriptions

26.4 million (2024 est.)

passengers carried

1.32 million passengers

registered carrier departures

14,831 departures

107 (2025)

D2

Right

2 (2025)

By type

general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 43

Total

64 (2023)

Key ports

Cabinda, Estrela Oil Field, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo Oil Terminal, Namibe, Palanca Terminal, Takula Terminal

Large

0

Medium

0

Ports with oil terminals

17

Small

8

Total ports

21 (2024)

Very small

13

Narrow gauge

2,638 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge

Note

123 km 0.600-mm gauge

Total

2,761 km (2022)

ANG

armored vehicles

tanks

the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the current force is responsible for country&rsquo;s external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities, such as border protection; it participates in multinational exercises, as well as regional peacekeeping operations, including the deployment of several hundred troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023; in recent years, the military has placed additional emphasis on maritime security and protecting offshore resources (2025)

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA)<br><br>Ministry of Interior: National Police, Border Guard Police (2025)

active duty personnel

117,000

percent of total labor force

0.87 %

approximately 100,000 active duty Armed Forces (2025)

most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian or Soviet-era origin; there are smaller quantities of items originating from such suppliers as China, Brazil, Israel, Italy, South Africa, and the UAE (2025)

1 % of GDP

current USD

$922,050,814

Military Expenditures 2020

1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

1% of GDP (2024 est.)

percent of central government expenditure

4.92 %

percent of GDP

1.00 % of GDP

20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men; 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women; 24-month conscript service obligation; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2025)

PowerIndex score

1.1045

IDPs

75,308 (2024 est.)

Refugees

55,542 (2024 est.)

2017 - first communications satellite (AngoSat-1) built, launched, and operated by Russia (satellite failed in 2018)<br><br>2022 - second communications satellite (AngoSat-2) with French-built payload, integrated and launched by Russia<br><br>2023 - signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for space exploration<br><br>2024 - inaugurated a national maritime coordination and surveillance center and country's first satellite mission control center<br><br>2025 - signed financial agreement with France for construction of country’s first high-resolution remote sensing satellite (ANGEO-1)

National Space Program Office (Gabinete de Gest&atilde;o do Programa Espacial Nacional, GGPEN; established 2013) (2025)

has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity-building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Portugal, Russia, the US, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency (2025)

From coal and metallurgical coke

9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From consumed natural gas

2.441 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

17.21 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Total emissions

19.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rainforest from international demand for timber and domestic use as fuel; loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

Signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Agriculture

374.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Energy

1,009.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Other

78.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste

123 kt (2019-2021 est.)

27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

8 % of total land area

19 % of total

148.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

0 % of internal resources

Agricultural

146.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

239.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal

319.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually

4.214 million tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

19% (2022 est.)