Countries
Syria
Key Economic Indicators
$107.2 billion
$4,772
0.73%
114.2% (2020 est.)
13.57%
$19.993 billion (2023 est.)
91.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economic Overview
low-income Middle Eastern economy; prior infrastructure and economy devastated by 11-year civil war; ongoing US sanctions; sporadic trans-migration during conflict; currently being supported by World Bank trust fund; ongoing hyperinflation
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
wheat, barley, milk, sheep milk, tomatoes, olives, potatoes, maize, oranges, grapes (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Budget
Expenditures:
$3.211 billion (2017 est.)
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> government projections for FY2016
Revenues:
$1.162 billion (2017 est.)
Currency
code:
SYP
name:
Syrian pound (SYP) [£]
Debt - external
$4.76 billion
Debt - external 2023:
$4.573 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2018:
436.5 (2018 est.)
Exchange rates 2019:
436.5 (2019 est.)
Exchange rates 2020:
877.945 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
1,256 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
2,505.747 (2022 est.)
Exports
$1.61 billion
Exports 2020:
$1.649 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2021:
$2.227 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022:
$1.609 billion (2022 est.)
Note:
<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
olive oil, phosphates, spice seeds, cotton, tomatoes (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
Turkey 29%, Saudi Arabia 16%, Lebanon 10%, India 10%, UAE 5% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
6.8% (2022 est.)
Government consumption:
2.7% (2022 est.)
Household consumption:
114.8% (2022 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-28.8% (2022 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
4.5% (2022 est.)
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
43.1% (2022 est.)
Industry:
12% (2022 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
44.9% (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$19.993 billion (2023 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$1,052
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
37.5 (2003)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022:
26.6 (2022 est.)
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$22.82 billion
GNI per capita
$710
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
21.1% (2022 est.)
Lowest 10%:
3.8% (2022 est.)
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$6.8 billion
Imports 2020:
$3.751 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2021:
$6.56 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022:
$6.803 billion (2022 est.)
Note:
<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
tobacco, plastics, wheat flours, plastic products, seed oils (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
Turkey 49%, UAE 11%, China 8%, Egypt 7%, Lebanon 3% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
-13.4% (2022 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020:
114.2% (2020 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021:
98.3% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
94.1% (2022 est.)
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
6.617 million (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
6.76 million persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
16.3%
industry:
25.2%
services:
58.5%
Public debt
Public debt 2016:
91.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$107.2 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021:
$99.338 billion (2021 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$100.066 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$98.858 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
0.73%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2021:
1.9% (2021 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
0.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
-1.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$4,772
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2021:
$4,600 (2021 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$4,500 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$4,200 (2023 est.)
Remittances
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021:
0% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022:
0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate
13.57%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
13.3% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
13.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
13% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
47.9% (2024 est.)
Male:
27.8% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
31.5% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
Syrian pound (SYP) (2025)
Gini Index
37.50 (2003)
Languages
Arabic (2025)
Economic Rankings
Inflation Rate
#7
Unemployment Rate
#25
External Debt
#84
Gini Index
#85
GDP (PPP)
#96
GDP (Nominal)
#126
Imports
#139
GDP per Capita
#158
Exports
#158
GDP Growth Rate
#175
Quick Facts
Industries
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly
Agricultural products
wheat, barley, milk, sheep milk, tomatoes, olives, potatoes, maize, oranges, grapes (2023)
Labor force
6.617 million (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Turkey 29%, Saudi Arabia 16%, Lebanon 10%, India 10%, UAE 5% (2023)
Imports - partners
Turkey 49%, UAE 11%, China 8%, Egypt 7%, Lebanon 3% (2023)
Exchange rates
Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar -
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