Countries
Indonesia
Key Economic Indicators
$4.66 trillion
$16,448
5.03%
2.18%
3.24%
$1.396 trillion (2024 est.)
<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP
$-8,723,307,515
Economic Overview
upper middle-income, largest and growing Southeast Asian economy; higher lending rates to moderate inflation; ongoing relocation of capital fueling infrastructure projects; major tourism sector prompting green economy goals
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
oil palm fruit, rice, sugarcane, maize, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, chicken, mangoes/guavas (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Average household expenditures
On alcohol and tobacco:
7.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food:
33.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Budget
Expenditures:
$204.739 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues:
$182.658 billion (2023 est.)
Currency
code:
IDR
name:
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) [Rp]
Current account balance
$-8,723,307,515
Current account balance 2022:
$13.215 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023:
-$2.042 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024:
-$8.47 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Debt - external
$421.06 billion
Debt - external 2023:
$225.273 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020:
14,582.203 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
14,308.144 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
14,849.854 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
15,236.885 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024:
15,855.448 (2024 est.)
Exports
$309.75 billion
Exports 2022:
$315.746 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$291.287 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024:
$300.868 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
coal, palm oil, iron alloys, lignite, garments (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
China 24%, USA 9%, India 8%, Japan 8%, Singapore 5% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Foreign direct investment
net inflows:
$24.25 billion
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
22.2% (2024 est.)
Government consumption:
7.7% (2024 est.)
Household consumption:
55.4% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-20.4% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
29.1% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories:
2.3% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
12.6% (2024 est.)
Industry:
39.3% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
43.8% (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$1.396 trillion (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$4,925
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
38.2 (2019)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024:
34.9 (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$1.36 trillion
GNI per capita
$4,910
Gross domestic investment
31 % of GDP
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
28.8% (2024 est.)
Lowest 10%:
3.5% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$284.7 billion
Imports 2022:
$273.031 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$262.694 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024:
$279.419 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastics, vehicle parts/accessories, integrated circuits (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
China 29%, Singapore 8%, Japan 7%, USA 5%, Malaysia 5% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
5.2% (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.18%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021:
1.6% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
4.2% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
3.7% (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
143.144 million (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
147.1 million persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
27.3%
industry:
22.53%
services:
50.17%
Population below poverty line
9% (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line
Public debt
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2022:
45.34% of GDP (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$4.66 trillion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$3.718 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$3.906 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024:
$4.102 trillion (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
5.03%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
5.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
5% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024:
5% (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$16,448
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$13,300 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$13,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024:
$14,500 (2024 est.)
Remittances
$16.04 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022:
1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024:
1.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$155.71 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$137.222 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$146.359 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$155.708 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
11.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Unemployment rate
3.24%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
3.5% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
3.4% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
3.3% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
13% (2024 est.)
Male:
13.2% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
13.1% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) Rp (2025)
Gini Index
38.20 (2019)
Languages
Indonesian (2025)
Economic Rankings
External Debt
#6
GDP (PPP)
#8
GDP (Nominal)
#16
Reserves
#20
Imports
#29
Exports
#29
Gini Index
#80
GDP Growth Rate
#86
GDP per Capita
#103
Unemployment Rate
#139
Inflation Rate
#172
Quick Facts
Industries
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, proce
Agricultural products
oil palm fruit, rice, sugarcane, maize, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, chicken, mangoes/guavas (2023)
Labor force
143.144 million (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
China 24%, USA 9%, India 8%, Japan 8%, Singapore 5% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 29%, Singapore 8%, Japan 7%, USA 5%, Malaysia 5% (2023)
Exchange rates
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -
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