Countries
Egypt
Key Economic Indicators
$2.23 trillion
$19,094
2.4%
28.27%
6.78%
$389.06 billion (2024 est.)
<strong>note:</strong> data cover central government debt and include debt instr
$-22,256,100,000
Economic Overview
Africa’s second-largest economy; 2030 Vision to diversify markets and energy infrastructure; improving fiscal, external, and current accounts; underperforming private sector; poor labor force participation; expanded credit access
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
sugarcane, sugar beets, wheat, maize, potatoes, tomatoes, rice, milk, onions, oranges (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Average household expenditures
On alcohol and tobacco:
4.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On food:
36.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Budget
Expenditures:
$96.057 billion (2015 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues:
$69.999 billion (2015 est.)
Currency
code:
EGP
name:
Egyptian pound (EGP) [£]
Current account balance
$-22,256,100,000
Current account balance 2021:
-$18.611 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022:
-$10.537 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023:
-$12.564 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Debt - external
$155.97 billion
Debt - external 2023:
$117.272 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020:
15.759 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
15.645 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
19.16 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
30.626 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024:
45.299 (2024 est.)
Exports
$63.71 billion
Exports 2021:
$58.339 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022:
$76.295 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$68.218 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, fertilizers, garments, crude petroleum (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
Saudi Arabia 10%, Turkey 9%, Italy 6%, USA 5%, UAE 5% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Foreign direct investment
net inflows:
$46.58 billion
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
16.4% (2024 est.)
Government consumption:
6.3% (2024 est.)
Household consumption:
87.6% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-23.2% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
11.7% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories:
1.3% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
13.7% (2024 est.)
Industry:
32.6% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
48.9% (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$389.06 billion (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$3,338
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
31.5 (2017)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021:
28.5 (2021 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$371.52 billion
GNI per capita
$3,510
Gross domestic investment
13 % of GDP
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
24.6% (2021 est.)
Lowest 10%:
4.2% (2021 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$90.36 billion
Imports 2021:
$94.039 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022:
$97.144 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$82.265 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, wheat, plastics, natural gas, packaged medicine (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
China 16%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Russia 6%, USA 6%, Germany 5% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
-1.9% (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
28.27%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
13.9% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
33.9% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024:
28.3% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
33.749 million (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
36.11 million persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
17.52%
industry:
29.36%
services:
53.12%
Population below poverty line
29.7% (2019 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line
Public debt
Note:
<strong>note:</strong> data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at publ
Public debt 2017:
103% of GDP (2017 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$2.23 trillion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$1.842 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$1.912 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024:
$1.958 trillion (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
2.4%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
6.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
3.8% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024:
2.4% (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$19,094
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$16,400 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$16,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024:
$16,800 (2024 est.)
Remittances
$29.56 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021:
7.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022:
5.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
4.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$44.92 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$32.144 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$33.07 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$44.921 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
12.5% (of GDP) (2015 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Unemployment rate
6.78%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
7.4% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
7.4% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
7.2% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
47.1% (2024 est.)
Male:
12.4% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
18.7% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
Egyptian pound (EGP) (2025)
Gini Index
31.50 (2017)
Languages
Arabic (2025)
Economic Rankings
External Debt
#14
GDP (PPP)
#18
Inflation Rate
#18
GDP (Nominal)
#40
Reserves
#46
Imports
#47
GDP Growth Rate
#52
Exports
#53
Unemployment Rate
#66
GDP per Capita
#95
Gini Index
#146
Quick Facts
Industries
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures
Agricultural products
sugarcane, sugar beets, wheat, maize, potatoes, tomatoes, rice, milk, onions, oranges (2023)
Labor force
33.749 million (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Saudi Arabia 10%, Turkey 9%, Italy 6%, USA 5%, UAE 5% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 16%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Russia 6%, USA 6%, Germany 5% (2023)
Exchange rates
Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -
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