Countries
Bhutan
Key Economic Indicators
$12.75 billion
$16,215
4.63%
2.76%
3.23%
$3.019 billion (2023 est.)
<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP
$-669,766,414
Economic Overview
hydropower investments spurring economic development; Gross National Happiness economy; sharp poverty declines; low inflation; strong monetary and fiscal policies; stable currency; fairly resilient response to COVID-19; key economic and strategic relations with India; climate vulnerabilities
All Economic Data
Agricultural products
rice, milk, potatoes, root vegetables, maize, oranges, areca nuts, chillies/peppers, pumpkins/squash, carrots/turnips (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Budget
Expenditures:
$802.177 million (2020 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues:
$740.328 million (2020 est.)
Currency
code:
BTN, INR
name:
Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN) [Nu.], Indian rupee (INR) [₹]
Current account balance
$-669,766,414
Current account balance 2022:
-$805.723 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023:
-$963.122 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024:
-$669.766 million (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Debt - external
$3.4 billion
Debt - external 2023:
$2.827 billion (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency:
ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020:
74.1 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
73.918 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
78.604 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
82.599 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024:
83.669 (2024 est.)
Exports
$855.3 million
Exports 2022:
$791.342 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$867.871 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2024:
$944.391 million (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
iron alloys, aircraft, dolomite, semi-finished iron, cement (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
India 92%, Italy 4%, Indonesia 1%, China 1%, Singapore 0% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Foreign direct investment
net inflows:
$2.82 million
GDP - composition, by end use
Exports of goods and services:
28.3% (2023 est.)
Government consumption:
20.3% (2023 est.)
Household consumption:
59.4% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services:
-53.2% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital:
44.5% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories:
0.7% (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture:
15% (2023 est.)
Industry:
29.6% (2023 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Services:
52.7% (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$3.019 billion (2023 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP per capita (nominal)
$3,831
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
37.4 (2017)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022:
28.5 (2022 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
GNI (gross national income)
$2.85 billion
GNI per capita
$3,730
Gross domestic investment
45 % of GDP
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10%:
22.7% (2022 est.)
Lowest 10%:
3.6% (2022 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Imports
$1.61 billion
Imports 2022:
$1.581 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$1.77 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024:
$1.513 billion (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, gold, plastics, broadcasting equipment, iron reductions (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
India 82%, Singapore 8%, China 5%, Thailand 2%, Indonesia 1% (2023)
note:
<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Industrial production growth rate
0% (2023 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Industries
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.76%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
5.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
4.2% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024:
2.8% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices
Labor force
406,500 (2024 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
total:
411,263 persons
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture:
42.37%
industry:
15.88%
services:
41.75%
Population below poverty line
12.4% (2022 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line
Public debt
Note:
<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2020:
111% of GDP (2020 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$12.75 billion
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021:
$10.437 billion (2021 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$10.981 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$11.517 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
4.63%
Note:
<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2021:
4.4% (2021 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022:
5.2% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
4.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$16,215
Note:
<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2021:
$13,500 (2021 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022:
$14,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$14,600 (2023 est.)
Remittances
$109.6 million
Note:
<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021:
2.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022:
3.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023:
3.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$941.02 million
Note:
<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$825.755 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$654.481 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$941.018 million (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
12.3% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
note:
<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Unemployment rate
3.23%
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022:
6% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
3.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
2.9% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Female:
16.5% (2024 est.)
Male:
11.2% (2024 est.)
Note:
<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total:
13.8% (2024 est.)
World Bank Indicators
Currency
Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN) Nu. (2025)
Exports (US$)
$855.30M (2023)
External Debt
$3.40B (2024)
FDI Net Inflows (US$)
$2.82M (2024)
GDP Growth (%)
4.63 (2023)
Gdp Nominal
$3.01B (2023)
GDP Per Capita
3,831 (2023)
Gini Index
37.40 (2017)
Govt Debt Pct Gdp
111 (2020)
Imports (US$)
$1.61B (2023)
Inflation Rate (%)
2.76 (2024)
Languages
Dzongkha (2025)
Reserves
$941.02M (2024)
Unemployment Rate (%)
3.28 (2024)
Youth Unemployment
17.93 (2024)
Economic Rankings
Unemployment Rate
#80
Gini Index
#87
GDP Growth Rate
#90
External Debt
#95
GDP per Capita
#105
Reserves
#143
Inflation Rate
#152
GDP (PPP)
#160
Imports
#166
GDP (Nominal)
#166
Exports
#172
Quick Facts
Industries
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism
Agricultural products
rice, milk, potatoes, root vegetables, maize, oranges, areca nuts, chillies/peppers, pumpkins/squash, carrots/turnips (2023)
Labor force
406,500 (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
India 92%, Italy 4%, Indonesia 1%, China 1%, Singapore 0% (2023)
Imports - partners
India 82%, Singapore 8%, China 5%, Thailand 2%, Indonesia 1% (2023)
Exchange rates
ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar -
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