The Tabula Rogeriana was created by Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi for King Roger II of Sicily in 1154. It took 15 years to complete and was one of the most advanced world maps of the medieval era. The map is oriented with south at the top (following Arab cartographic tradition) and includes detailed information about trade routes, physical features, and cultural descriptions gathered from travelers and merchants. It divided the world into seven climate zones and remained influential for centuries.